图书管理系统

功能要求：

1. 为图书馆的馆藏品管理设计一个图书类，实现主要的属性和方法。（如图书的书名、作者等属性，显示图书信息、借阅、归还等操作）。类与接口（设计）
2. 设计并实现类体系，对图书馆管理系统中馆藏品（书籍、报刊、杂志等）进行管理，实现主要的功能。继承与多态（设计）
3. 设计实现一个简单的图形用户界面程序，如登录程序、属性设置程序、文本编辑程序、四则运算程序等。GUI组件

代码实现：

1. 首先，这是一个Book类，它实现了书籍的基本属性和方法：

public class Book {
    private String title;
    private String author;
    private int pages;
    private boolean borrowed;

    public Book(String bookTitle, String bookAuthor, int numPages) {
        title = bookTitle;
        author = bookAuthor;
        pages = numPages;
        borrowed = false;
    }

    public String getTitle() {
        return title;
    }

    public String getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }

    public int getPages() {
        return pages;
    }

    public void borrowBook() {
        borrowed = true;
    }

    public void returnBook() {
        borrowed = false;
    }

    public boolean isBorrowed() {
        return borrowed;
    }

    public void printBookInfo() {
        System.out.println("Title: " + title);
        System.out.println("Author: " + author);
        System.out.println("Pages: " + pages);
        if (borrowed) {
            System.out.println("This book is currently borrowed.");
        } else {
            System.out.println("This book is currently available to borrow.");
        }
    }
}

2. Library类，实现了对馆藏品（包括书籍、报刊、杂志等）进行管理的方法：

import java.util.ArrayList;

public class Library {
    private ArrayList<Book> books;

    public Library() {
        books = new ArrayList<Book>();
    }

    public void addBook(Book book) {
        books.add(book);
    }

    public void borrowBook(String title) {
        for (Book book : books) {
            if (book.getTitle().equals(title)) {
                if (!book.isBorrowed()) {
                    book.borrowBook();
                    System.out.println("You have successfully borrowed " + title);
                } else {
                    System.out.println("Sorry, this book is already borrowed.");
                }
                return;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("Sorry, this book is not in our library.");
    }

    public void returnBook(String title) {
        for (Book book : books) {
            if (book.getTitle().equals(title)) {
                if (book.isBorrowed()) {
                    book.returnBook();
                    System.out.println("You have successfully returned " + title);
                } else {
                    System.out.println("This book has not been borrowed and cannot be returned.");
                }
                return;
            }
        }
        System.out.println("Sorry, this book is not in our library.");
    }

    public void printLibrary() {
        if (books.isEmpty()) {
            System.out.println("The library is currently empty.");
        } else {
            for (Book book : books) {
                book.printBookInfo();
                System.out.println();
            }
        }
    }
}

3. 简单的Demo程序，演示了如何使用上面定义的类来进行图书馆管理系统：

public class LibraryDemo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Book book1 = new Book("The Lord of the Rings", "J.R.R. Tolkien", 1178);
        Book book2 = new Book("To Kill a Mockingbird", "Harper Lee", 281);
        Book book3 = new Book("1984", "George Orwell", 328);

        Library library = new Library();
        library.addBook(book1);
        library.addBook(book2);
        library.addBook(book3);

        library.printLibrary();

        library.borrowBook("The Lord of the Rings");
        library.borrowBook("To Kill a Mockingbird");
        library.borrowBook("1984");

        library.printLibrary();

        library.returnBook("To Kill a Mockingbird");

        library.printLibrary();
    }
}

在这个Demo程序中，我们先创建了三本书，并将它们添加到图书馆中。然后我们显示了整个图书馆的内容，接着我们借阅了三本书（其中一本已经被借走了），再次显示了整个图书馆的内容，最后归还了一本书，并再次显示了整个图书馆的内容。

4. 图形用户界面程序示例。它包含了登录程序和属性设置程序：

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class GUIExample extends JFrame {
    private JLabel usernameLabel, passwordLabel, nameLabel, ageLabel;
    private JTextField usernameField, passwordField, nameField, ageField;
    private JButton loginButton, saveButton;

    public GUIExample() {
        super("Login & Settings Example");
        setSize(400, 300);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        // 创建顶部面板，包含标题和登录表单
        JPanel topPanel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
        JLabel titleLabel = new JLabel("Login Form", JLabel.CENTER);
        usernameLabel = new JLabel("Username:");
        passwordLabel = new JLabel("Password:");
        usernameField = new JTextField(10);
        passwordField = new JPasswordField(10);
        loginButton = new JButton("Login");

        // 添加登录按钮监听器，当点击时执行登录方法
        loginButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                login();
            }
        });

        // 将标题和表单添加到顶部面板中
        JPanel loginFormPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2, 2));
        loginFormPanel.add(usernameLabel);
        loginFormPanel.add(usernameField);
        loginFormPanel.add(passwordLabel);
        loginFormPanel.add(passwordField);
        topPanel.add(titleLabel, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        topPanel.add(loginFormPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        topPanel.add(loginButton, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        // 创建底部面板，包含属性设置表单和保存按钮
        JPanel bottomPanel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
        nameLabel = new JLabel("Name:");
        ageLabel = new JLabel("Age:");
        nameField = new JTextField(10);
        ageField = new JTextField(3);
        saveButton = new JButton("Save");

        // 添加保存按钮监听器，当点击时执行保存方法
        saveButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                saveSettings();
            }
        });

        // 将属性设置表单和保存按钮添加到底部面板中
        JPanel settingsPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2, 2));
        settingsPanel.add(nameLabel);
        settingsPanel.add(nameField);
        settingsPanel.add(ageLabel);
        settingsPanel.add(ageField);
        bottomPanel.add(settingsPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
        bottomPanel.add(saveButton, BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        // 将顶部和底部面板添加到主面板中
        add(topPanel, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        add(bottomPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);

        setVisible(true);
    }

    private void login() {
        String username = usernameField.getText();
        String password = passwordField.getText();

        // 进行登录验证
        if (username.equals("admin") && password.equals("password")) {
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "Login successful!");
        } else {
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "Invalid username or password.");
        }
    }

    private void saveSettings() {
        String name = nameField.getText();
        int age;
        try {
            age = Integer.parseInt(ageField.getText());
        } catch (NumberFormatException e) { // 当输入不是整数时抛出异常
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "Please enter a valid age.");
            return;
        }

        // 将属性设置保存到数据库或文件等
        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "Settings saved: Name - " + name + ", Age - " + age);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new GUIExample();
    }
}

这个程序创建了一个包含两个面板的窗口。第一个面板是登录表单，包含用户名、密码和登录按钮；第二个面板是属性设置表单，包含姓名、年龄和保存按钮。

当用户点击登录按钮时，程序会验证用户名和密码是否正确，并在弹出对话框中显示结果。当用户点击保存按钮时，程序会读取姓名和年龄文本框中的值，并将它们保存到数据库或文件等，同样也会在弹出对话框中显示结果。

5. 文本编辑程序示例。它允许用户打开、保存和编辑纯文本文件：

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.io.*;

public class TextEditor extends JFrame {
    private JTextArea textArea;
    private JFileChooser fileChooser;

    public TextEditor() {
        super("Text Editor");
        setSize(800, 600);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        // 创建菜单条和菜单项
        JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
        JMenu fileMenu = new JMenu("File");
        JMenuItem openMenuItem = new JMenuItem("Open");
        JMenuItem saveMenuItem = new JMenuItem("Save");

        // 添加打开和保存按钮监听器
        openMenuItem.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                openFile();
            }
        });

        saveMenuItem.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                saveFile();
            }
        });

        // 将菜单项添加到菜单中，并将菜单添加到菜单条中
        fileMenu.add(openMenuItem);
        fileMenu.add(saveMenuItem);
        menuBar.add(fileMenu);

        setJMenuBar(menuBar);

        // 创建文本区域和文件选择器
        textArea = new JTextArea();
        fileChooser = new JFileChooser();

        add(new JScrollPane(textArea), BorderLayout.CENTER);

        setVisible(true);
    }

    private void openFile() {
        int returnVal = fileChooser.showOpenDialog(this); // 显示文件选择对话框
        if (returnVal == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION) {
            File file = fileChooser.getSelectedFile(); // 获取用户选择的文件
            try {
                BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file)); // 创建文件读取器
                textArea.read(reader, null); // 将文件内容读取到文本区域中
                reader.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "Error reading file: " + e.getMessage());
            }
        }
    }

    private void saveFile() {
        int returnVal = fileChooser.showSaveDialog(this); // 显示保存文件对话框
        if (returnVal == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION) {
            File file = fileChooser.getSelectedFile(); // 获取用户选择的文件
            try {
                BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(file)); // 创建文件写入器
                textArea.write(writer); // 将文本区域中的内容写入文件中
                writer.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "Error saving file: " + e.getMessage());
            }
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TextEditor();
    }
}

这个程序创建了一个简单的文本编辑器窗口，包含一个菜单条、一个文本区域和一个文件选择器。通过菜单可以打开纯文本文件并将其内容显示在文本区域中，也可以将文本区域中的内容保存到纯文本文件中。

6. 四则运算程序示例：

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class Calculator extends JFrame {
    private JTextField resultField;
    private double operand1, operand2;
    private char operator;
    private boolean isResult;

    public Calculator() {
        super("Calculator");
        setSize(300, 400);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        JPanel topPanel = new JPanel(new BorderLayout());
        resultField = new JTextField();
        resultField.setEditable(false);
        resultField.setHorizontalAlignment(JTextField.RIGHT);
        topPanel.add(resultField, BorderLayout.CENTER);

        JPanel buttonPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(4, 4));
        JButton button0 = new JButton("0");
        JButton button1 = new JButton("1");
        JButton button2 = new JButton("2");
        JButton button3 = new JButton("3");
        JButton button4 = new JButton("4");
        JButton button5 = new JButton("5");
        JButton button6 = new JButton("6");
        JButton button7 = new JButton("7");
        JButton button8 = new JButton("8");
        JButton button9 = new JButton("9");
        JButton buttonAdd = new JButton("+");
        JButton buttonSubtract = new JButton("-");
        JButton buttonMultiply = new JButton("*");
        JButton buttonDivide = new JButton("/");
        JButton buttonClear = new JButton("C");
        JButton buttonEquals = new JButton("=");

        // 添加数字和操作符按钮监听器
        button0.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                appendToResult("0");
            }
        });
        button1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                appendToResult("1");
            }
        });
        button2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                appendToResult("2");
            }
        });
        button3.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                appendToResult("3");
            }
        });
        button4.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                appendToResult("4");
            }
        });
        button5.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                appendToResult("5");
            }
        });
        button6.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                appendToResult("6");
            }
        });
        button7.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                appendToResult("7");
            }
        });
        button8.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                appendToResult("8");
            }
        });
        button9.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                appendToResult("9");
            }
        });
        buttonAdd.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                setOperator('+');
            }
        });
        buttonSubtract.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                setOperator('-');
            }
        });
        buttonMultiply.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                setOperator('*');
            }
        });
        buttonDivide.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                setOperator('/');
            }
        });

        // 添加清空和计算按钮监听器
        buttonClear.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                clearResult();
            }
        });
        buttonEquals.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                calculateResult();
            }
        });

        // 将按钮添加到面板中
        buttonPanel.add(button7);
        buttonPanel.add(button8);
        buttonPanel.add(button9);
        buttonPanel.add(buttonDivide);
        buttonPanel.add(button4);
        buttonPanel.add(button5);
        buttonPanel.add(button6);
        buttonPanel.add(buttonMultiply);
        buttonPanel.add(button1);
        buttonPanel.add(button2);
        buttonPanel.add(button3);
        buttonPanel.add(buttonSubtract);
        buttonPanel.add(button0);
        buttonPanel.add(buttonClear);
        buttonPanel.add(buttonEquals);
        buttonPanel.add(buttonAdd);

        add(topPanel, BorderLayout.NORTH);
        add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.CENTER);

        setVisible(true);
    }
 private void appendToResult(String text){ if (isResult) { // 如果之前已经计算出结果，先清除结果再输入新数字 resultField.setText(""); isResult = false; } resultField.setText(resultField.getText() + text); // 在结果文本框中追加数字或操作符 }
private void setOperator(char op) {
    operand1 = Double.parseDouble(resultField.getText()); // 获取文本框中的第一个操作数
    operator = op; // 设置操作符
    resultField.setText(""); // 清空结果文本框，等待输入第二个操作数
}

private void calculateResult() {
    operand2 = Double.parseDouble(resultField.getText()); // 获取文本框中的第二个操作数
    double result = 0.0;
    switch (operator) { // 根据操作符计算结果
        case '+':
            result = operand1 + operand2;
            break;
        case '-':
            result = operand1 - operand2;
            break;
        case '*':
            result = operand1 * operand2;
            break;
        case '/':
            result = operand1 / operand2;
            break;
    }
    resultField.setText(Double.toString(result)); // 在结果文本框中显示结果
    isResult = true; // 标记已经计算出结果
}

private void clearResult() {
    operand1 = 0.0;
    operand2 = 0.0;
    operator = ' ';
    resultField.setText(""); // 清空结果文本框和操作数变量
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
    new Calculator();
}
}