1.描述
鸢尾花判断
2.代码
1.Iris_DecisionTree.py
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib as mpl
from sklearn import tree
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline
def iris_type(s):
it = {
'Iris-setosa': 0, 'Iris-versicolor': 1, 'Iris-virginica': 2}
return it[s]
# 花萼长度、花萼宽度,花瓣长度,花瓣宽度
# iris_feature = 'sepal length', 'sepal width', 'petal length', 'petal width'
iris_feature = u'花萼长度', u'花萼宽度', u'花瓣长度', u'花瓣宽度'
if __name__ == "__main__":
mpl.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = [u'SimHei']
mpl.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
path = '..\\8.Regression\\8.iris.data' # 数据文件路径
data = np.loadtxt(path, dtype=float, delimiter=',', converters={
4: iris_type})
x, y = np.split(data, (4,), axis=1)
# 为了可视化,仅使用前两列特征
x = x[:, :2] #取前两列
x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(x, y, test_size=0.3, random_state=1) # 测试集选30%
#ss = StandardScaler()
#ss = ss.fit(x_train)
# 决策树参数估计
# min_samples_split = 10:如果该结点包含的样本数目大于10,则(有可能)对其分支
# min_samples_leaf = 10:若将某结点分支后,得到的每个子结点样本数目都大于10,则完成分支;否则,不进行分支
model = Pipeline([ #管道:使过程更加完成明显
('ss', StandardScaler()), #先进行标准化,保证均值0,方差1,提高效果
('DTC', DecisionTreeClassifier(criterion='entropy', max_depth=3))]) #最大深度
# clf = DecisionTreeClassifier(criterion='entropy', max_depth=3)
model = model.fit(x_train, y_train) # 进行训练
y_test_hat = model.predict(x_test) # 测试数据
# 保存
# dot -Tpng -o 1.png 1.dot
f = open('.\\iris_tree.dot', 'w')
tree.export_graphviz(model.get_params('DTC')['DTC'], out_file=f) #输出到图形可视化
# 画图
N, M = 100, 100 # 横纵各采样多少个值
x1_min, x1_max = x[:, 0].min(), x[:, 0].max() # 第0列的范围
x2_min, x2_max = x[:, 1].min(), x[:, 1].max() # 第1列的范围
t1 = np.linspace(x1_min, x1_max, N) #第0列取了100个值
t2 = np.linspace(x2_min, x2_max, M) # 第1列取了100个值
x1, x2 = np.meshgrid(t1, t2) # 生成网格采样点,t1t2拼到一起
x_show = np.stack((x1.flat, x2.flat), axis=1) # 测试点,把里面每个数据都写成一列,然后合起来
# # 无意义,只是为了凑另外两个维度
# # 打开该注释前,确保注释掉x = x[:, :2]
# x3 = np.ones(x1.size) * np.average(x[:, 2])
# x4 = np.ones(x1.size) * np.average(x[:, 3])
# x_test = np.stack((x1.flat, x2.flat, x3, x4), axis=1) # 测试点
cm_light = mpl.colors.ListedColormap(['#A0FFA0', '#FFA0A0', '#A0A0FF']) # 制作浅色的图例
cm_dark = mpl.colors.ListedColormap(['g', 'r', 'b']) # 制作深色的图例
y_show_hat = model.predict(x_show) # 预测值,现在仍然是一个向量
y_show_hat = y_show_hat.reshape(x1.shape) # 使之与输入的形状相同reshape
plt.figure(facecolor='w') # 设置底,w白色,k黑色,默认灰色
plt.pcolormesh(x1, x2, y_show_hat, cmap=cm_light) # 预测值的显示,背景块
plt.scatter(x_test[:, 0], x_test[:, 1], c=y_test.ravel(), edgecolors='k', s=100, cmap=cm_dark, marker='o')