C# Expression 表达树

什么是表达式树？

• 表达式是对于一段可执行代码的文字形式，它本身是不可以执行的。如BinaryExpression，ConstantExpression，LambdaExpression

下面的例子把两个表达式组建成了一个表达式树

Expression firstArg = Expression.Constant(2);
Expression secondArg = Expression.Constant(4);
Expression add = Expression.Add(firstArg, secondArg);

• 表达树的每个节点都是一个表达式，表达式树本身也是一个表达式。

看看下面例子：

{
    //Create an object 
    public class User
    {
        public int ID
        {
            get;
            set;
        }
        public string FirstName
        {
            get;
            set;
        }
        public string LastName
        {
            get;
            set;
        }
    }
}

Program类的方法，包含了一个输出函数和几个User集合的方法

  private static void PrintNames(IEnumerable<User> users)
        {
            foreach (User user in users)
            {
                Console.WriteLine(user.FirstName + " " + user.LastName);
            }
        }

        private static IQueryable<User> QueryableUsers()
        {
            return new List<User>
            {
             new User {ID = 1, FirstName = "Kevin", LastName = "Garnett"},
             new User {ID = 2, FirstName = "Stephen", LastName = "Garnett"},
             new User {ID = 3, FirstName = "Kevin", LastName = "Durant"}
            }.AsQueryable();
        }

        private static User[] arrayUsers()
        {
            return new User[] 
            {
             new User {ID = 1, FirstName = "Kevin", LastName = "Garnett"},
             new User {ID = 2, FirstName = "Stephen", LastName = "Garnett"},
             new User {ID = 3, FirstName = "Kevin", LastName = "Durant"}
            };
        }

        private static List<User> ListUsers()
        {
            return new List<User>
            {
             new User {ID = 1, FirstName = "Kevin", LastName = "Garnett"},
             new User {ID = 2, FirstName = "Stephen", LastName = "Garnett"},
             new User {ID = 3, FirstName = "Kevin", LastName = "Durant"}
            };
        }
    }

Main

 static void Main(string[] args)
        {   
            Expression<Func<User, bool>> FirstExp = (x => x.LastName == "Garnett");
            Expression<Func<User, bool>> SecondExp = (x => x.FirstName == "Kevin");

            var qusers = QueryableUsers();
            var lusers = ListUsers();
            var ausers = arrayUsers();

           //表达式树只能放到Queryable里面使用,而且要于Where一起使用
            var result1 = qusers.Where(FirstExp);
            var result2 = lusers.Where(x => x.LastName == "Durant");
            var result3 = ausers.Where(x => x.FirstName == "Kevin");

            PrintNames(result1);
            PrintNames(result2);
            PrintNames(result3);
            
            Console.ReadKey();
        }

Result:

说明：

1. Expression<Func<User, bool>>声明了这个表达式是一个参数为User并返回bool的Func<>
2. 也可以直接运行表达式树， 但需要先编译，因为它本身只是一个表达式，并不能执行

Expression<Func<User, bool>> FirstExp = (x => x.LastName == "Garnett");
var result4 = FirstExp.Compile()(new User { ID = 4, FirstName = "Kenny", LastName = "Garnett" });
Console.WriteLine(result4);
//返回的是True