Ubuntu系统查看镜像源并使用阿里云的镜像源

前言

Ubuntu 使用 apt 管理系统级的包/软件非常方便，但由于这些托管包/软件的中央仓库基本都位于美国，所以对于国内用户来说因为洲际网络相对较差，经常会出现下载速度慢或下载不成功的情况，因此，常见的做法就是设置国内的镜像源仓库。这个原理就是某几个镜像站定时从美国的中央仓库对同步到国内的服务器上，这样国内用户就访问的是国内的服务器了，效率也就提升了，而且也减少了洲际网络的使用。

常见的镜像源：阿里云源、清华源、中科大源、豆瓣源、网易源等等（此博客使用的是阿里源）。

查看系统镜像源

打开命令行，输入：

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

修改系统镜像源

根据自身系统版本，复制相对应的内容，粘贴到打开的文本中。（默认有源码镜像（deb-src），也可自行注释）

Ubuntu 14.04 配置如下：

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

## Not recommended
# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

ubuntu 16.04 配置如下

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main restricted multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates main restricted multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial universe

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-updates universe

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security main restricted multiverse

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial-security universe

ubuntu 18.04 配置如下

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ bionic-backports main restricted universe multiverse

Ubuntu 20.04 配置如下

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse

# deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

测试与更新

更新软件包列表：

sudo apt-get update

若有如下类似的输出（不同版本的Ubuntu输出略有差别），则说明已成功更换阿里云的镜像源：

更新软件包（可选）：

sudo apt-get upgrade