一、简介
随着微服务的流行,服务和服务之间的稳定性变得越来越重要。Sentinel
以流量为切入点,从流量控制、熔断降级、系统负载保护等多个维度保护服务的稳定性。
服务使用中的各种问题:
- 服务雪崩
- 服务降级
- 服务熔断
- 服务限流
二、下载安装
命令:
java -jar sentinel-dashboard-1.7.0.jar
访问localhost:8080
登录账号密码均为sentinel
三、编码
依赖
<!--SpringCloud ailibaba sentinel -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
</dependency>
yml
server:
port: 8401
spring:
application:
name: cloudalibaba-sentinel-service
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: localhost:8848 #Nacos服务注册中心地址
sentinel: # <----sentinel配置
transport:
dashboard: localhost:8080 #配置Sentinel dashboard地址
port: 8719
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: '*'
feign: # <----使用openfeign配置支持
sentinel:
enabled: true # 激活Sentinel对Feign的支持
四、sentinel流控规则
- 资源名:唯一名称,默认请求路径。
- 针对来源:Sentinel可以针对调用者进行限流,填写微服务名,默认default(不区分来源)。
- 阈值类型/单机阈值:
- QPS(每秒钟的请求数量)︰当调用该API的QPS达到阈值的时候,进行限流。
- 线程数:当调用该API的线程数达到阈值的时候,进行限流。
- 是否集群:不需要集群。
- 流控模式:
- 直接:API达到限流条件时,直接限流。
- 关联:当关联的资源达到阈值时,就限流自己。
-链路:只记录指定链路上的流量(指定资源从入口资源进来的流量,如果达到阈值,就进行限流)。
- 流控效果:
- 快速失败:直接失败,抛异常。
- Warm up:根据Code Factor(冷加载因子,默认3)的值,从阈值/codeFactor,经过预热时长,才达到设置的QPS阈值。
- 排队等待:匀速排队,让请求以匀速的速度通过,阈值类型必须设置为QPS,否则无效。
五、熔断降级规则
- RT(平均响应时间,秒级)
- 平均响应时间超出阈值 且 在时间窗口内通过的请求>=最小请求数,两个条件同时满足后触发降级。
- 窗口期过后关闭断路器。
- RT最大4900(更大的需要通过-Dcsp.sentinel.statistic.max.rt=XXXX才能生效)。
- 异常比列(秒级)
- QPS >= 最小请求数且异常比例(秒级统计)超过阈值时,触发降级;时间窗口结束后,关闭降级 。
- 异常数(分钟级)
- 异常数(分钟统计)超过阈值时,触发降级;时间窗口结束后,关闭降级
六、热点规则
七、@SentinelResource 注解
案例
依赖
ps:
这个依赖是自定义的,含有CommonResult和Payment
<dependency>
<groupId>com.study.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
CommonResult
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
public class CommonResult<T> {
private Integer code;
private String massage;
private T data;
public CommonResult(Integer code, String message){
this(code,message,null);
}
}
Payment
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import java.io.Serializable;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Payment implements Serializable {
private Long id;
private String serial;
}
<dependencies>
<!--SpringCloud openfeign -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--SpringCloud ailibaba nacos -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--SpringCloud ailibaba sentinel -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-sentinel</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 引入自己定义的api通用包,可以使用Payment支付Entity -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.study.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--日常通用jar包配置-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
yml
server:
port: 84
spring:
application:
name: nacos-order-consumer
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: localhost:8848
sentinel:
transport:
#配置Sentinel dashboard地址
dashboard: localhost:8080
#默认8719端口,假如被占用会自动从8719开始依次+1扫描,直至找到未被占用的端口
port: 8719
#消费者将要去访问的微服务名称(注册成功进nacos的微服务提供者)
service-url:
nacos-user-service: http://nacos-payment-provider
# 激活Sentinel对Feign的支持
feign:
sentinel:
enabled: false
启动类
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.EnableDiscoveryClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
public class OrderNacosMain84 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderNacosMain84.class, args);
}
}
controller
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.annotation.SentinelResource;
import com.alibaba.csp.sentinel.slots.block.BlockException;
import com.comen.springcloud.entity.CommonResult;
import com.comen.springcloud.entity.Payment;
import com.comen.springcloud.service.PaymentService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@RestController
@Slf4j
public class CircleBreakerController {
public static final String SERVICE_URL = "http://nacos-payment-provider";
@RequestMapping("/consumer/fallback/{id}")
@SentinelResource(value = "fallback",fallback = "handlerFallback",blockHandler = "blockHandler",
exceptionsToIgnore = {IllegalArgumentException.class})
public CommonResult<Payment> fallback(@PathVariable Long id)
{
CommonResult<Payment> result = restTemplate.getForObject(SERVICE_URL + "/paymentSQL/"+id, CommonResult.class,id);
if (id == 4) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException ("IllegalArgumentException,非法参数异常....");
}else if (result.getData() == null) {
throw new NullPointerException ("NullPointerException,该ID没有对应记录,空指针异常");
}
return result;
}
//fallback
public CommonResult handlerFallback(@PathVariable Long id,Throwable e) {
Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
return new CommonResult<>(444,"兜底异常handlerFallback,exception内容 "+e.getMessage(),payment);
}
//blockHandler
public CommonResult blockHandler(@PathVariable Long id,BlockException blockException) {
Payment payment = new Payment(id,"null");
return new CommonResult<>(445,"blockHandler-sentinel限流,无此流水: blockException "+blockException.getMessage(),payment);
}
/** ==================OpenFeign================== */
@Resource
private PaymentService paymentService;
@GetMapping(value = "/consumer/paymentSQL/{id}")
public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id)
{
return paymentService.paymentSQL(id);
}
}
service
import com.comen.springcloud.entity.CommonResult;
import com.comen.springcloud.entity.Payment;
import com.comen.springcloud.service.impl.PaymentFallbackService;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
@FeignClient(value = "nacos-payment-provider",fallback = PaymentFallbackService.class)
public interface PaymentService
{
@GetMapping(value = "/paymentSQL/{id}")
public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
}
service实现类
import com.comen.springcloud.entity.CommonResult;
import com.comen.springcloud.entity.Payment;
import com.comen.springcloud.service.PaymentService;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
@Component
public class PaymentFallbackService implements PaymentService {
@Override
public CommonResult<Payment> paymentSQL(Long id)
{
return new CommonResult<>(44444,"服务降级返回,---PaymentFallbackService",new Payment(id,"errorSerial"));
}
}
八、sentinel持久化
将配置规则持久化进Nacos保存,sentinel控制台就能看到,只要Nacos里面的配置不删除,sentinel上的规则持续有效。
依赖引入
<!--SpringCloud ailibaba sentinel-datasource-nacos 后续做持久化用到-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.csp</groupId>
<artifactId>sentinel-datasource-nacos</artifactId>
</dependency>
yml ,重点是给sentinel配置数据源
server:
port: 8401
spring:
application:
name: cloudalibaba-sentinel-service
cloud:
nacos:
discovery:
server-addr: localhost:8848 #Nacos服务注册中心地址
sentinel:
transport:
dashboard: localhost:8080 #配置Sentinel dashboard地址
port: 8719
datasource: #<---------------------------关注点,添加Nacos数据源配置
ds1:
nacos:
server-addr: localhost:8848
dataId: cloudalibaba-sentinel-service
groupId: DEFAULT_GROUP
data-type: json
rule-type: flow # 对应去sentinel dashboard
management:
endpoints:
web:
exposure:
include: '*'
feign:
sentinel:
enabled: true # 激活Sentinel对Feign的支持
例:
nacos添加限流规则
配置内容
[{
"resource": "/rateLimit/byUrl",
"limitApp": "default",
"grade": 1,
"count": 1,
"strategy": 0,
"controlBehavior": 0,
"clusterMode": false
}]
- resource:资源名称;
- limitApp:来源应用;
- grade:阈值类型,0表示线程数, 1表示QPS;
- count:单机阈值;
- strategy:流控模式,0表示直接,1表示关联,2表示链路;
- controlBehavior:流控效果,0表示快速失败,1表示Warm Up,2表示排队等待;
- clusterMode:是否集群。
sentinel自动加载配置进去了