代码随想录算法训练营第7天 |454.四数相加II 383. 赎金信 15. 三数之和 18. 四数之和

454.四数相加II  

class Solution(object):
    def fourSumCount(self, nums1, nums2, nums3, nums4):
        # 使用字典存储nums1和nums2中的元素及其和
        hashmap = dict()
        for n1 in nums1:
            for n2 in nums2:
                if n1 + n2 in hashmap:
                    hashmap[n1+n2] += 1
                else:
                    hashmap[n1+n2] = 1
        
        # 如果 -(n1+n2) 存在于nums3和nums4, 存入结果
        count = 0
        for n3 in nums3:
            for n4 in nums4:
                key = - n3 - n4
                if key in hashmap:
                    count += hashmap[key]
        return count

383. 赎金信  

class Solution:
    def canConstruct(self, ransomNote: str, magazine: str) -> bool:
        counts = {}
        for c in magazine:
            counts[c] = counts.get(c, 0) + 1
        for c in ransomNote:
            if c not in counts or counts[c] == 0:
                return False
            counts[c] -= 1
        return True

15. 三数之和  

class Solution:
    def threeSum(self, nums: List[int]) -> List[List[int]]:
        result = []
        nums.sort()
        # 找出a + b + c = 0
        # a = nums[i], b = nums[j], c = -(a + b)
        for i in range(len(nums)):
            # 排序之后如果第一个元素已经大于零，那么不可能凑成三元组
            if nums[i] > 0:
                break
            if i > 0 and nums[i] == nums[i - 1]: #三元组元素a去重
                continue
            d = {}
            for j in range(i + 1, len(nums)):
                if j > i + 2 and nums[j] == nums[j-1] == nums[j-2]: # 三元组元素b去重
                    continue
                c = 0 - (nums[i] + nums[j])
                if c in d:
                    result.append([nums[i], nums[j], c])
                    d.pop(c) # 三元组元素c去重
                else:
                    d[nums[j]] = j
        return result

class Solution:
    def threeSum(self, nums: List[int]) -> List[List[int]]:
        result = []
        nums.sort()
        
        for i in range(len(nums)):
            # 如果第一个元素已经大于0，不需要进一步检查
            if nums[i] > 0:
                return result
            
            # 跳过相同的元素以避免重复
            if i > 0 and nums[i] == nums[i - 1]:
                continue
                
            left = i + 1
            right = len(nums) - 1
            
            while right > left:
                sum_ = nums[i] + nums[left] + nums[right]
                
                if sum_ < 0:
                    left += 1
                elif sum_ > 0:
                    right -= 1
                else:
                    result.append([nums[i], nums[left], nums[right]])
                    
                    # 跳过相同的元素以避免重复
                    while right > left and nums[right] == nums[right - 1]:
                        right -= 1
                    while right > left and nums[left] == nums[left + 1]:
                        left += 1
                        
                    right -= 1
                    left += 1
                    
        return result

18. 四数之和 

#版本一 双指针
class Solution:
    def fourSum(self, nums: List[int], target: int) -> List[List[int]]:
        nums.sort()
        n = len(nums)
        result = []
        for i in range(n):
            if nums[i] > target and nums[i] > 0 and target > 0:# 剪枝（可省）
                break
            if i > 0 and nums[i] == nums[i-1]:# 去重
                continue
            for j in range(i+1, n):
                if nums[i] + nums[j] > target and target > 0: #剪枝（可省）
                    break
                if j > i+1 and nums[j] == nums[j-1]: # 去重
                    continue
                left, right = j+1, n-1
                while left < right:
                    s = nums[i] + nums[j] + nums[left] + nums[right]
                    if s == target:
                        result.append([nums[i], nums[j], nums[left], nums[right]])
                        while left < right and nums[left] == nums[left+1]:
                            left += 1
                        while left < right and nums[right] == nums[right-1]:
                            right -= 1
                        left += 1
                        right -= 1
                    elif s < target:
                        left += 1
                    else:
                        right -= 1
        return result
#版本二 使用字典
class Solution(object):
    def fourSum(self, nums, target):
        """
        :type nums: List[int]
        :type target: int
        :rtype: List[List[int]]
        """
        # 创建一个字典来存储输入列表中每个数字的频率
        freq = {}
        for num in nums:
            freq[num] = freq.get(num, 0) + 1
        
        # 创建一个集合来存储最终答案，并遍历4个数字的所有唯一组合
        ans = set()
        for i in range(len(nums)):
            for j in range(i + 1, len(nums)):
                for k in range(j + 1, len(nums)):
                    val = target - (nums[i] + nums[j] + nums[k])
                    if val in freq:
                        # 确保没有重复
                        count = (nums[i] == val) + (nums[j] == val) + (nums[k] == val)
                        if freq[val] > count:
                            ans.add(tuple(sorted([nums[i], nums[j], nums[k], val])))
        
        return [list(x) for x in ans]