Chapter 7 User Input and while Loops

7.1 How the input() Function Works

7.1.1 A Simple Example

message = input("Tell me something, and I will repeat it back to you: ")
print(message)

把input的内容赋给了一个变量。

7.1.2 多行显示prompt：

prompt = "If you tell us who you are, we can personalize the messages you see."
prompt += "\nWhat is your first name? "

name = input(prompt)
print(f"\nHello, {name}!")

7.1.3 Using int() to Accept Numerical Input

输入的都是字符串。若要转变成数字格式，用int()

height = input("How tall are you, in inches? ")
height = int(height)

if height >= 48:
 print("\nYou're tall enough to ride!")

7.1.4 The Modulo Operator(%) 求模运算符

求余数。可用于判断奇偶数。

>>> 4 % 3 
1 
>>> 5 % 3 
2 
>>> 6 % 3 
0

7.2 Introducing while Loops

7.2.1 An Example

prompt = "\nTell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:"
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the program. "

message = ""
while message != 'quit':
	message = input(prompt)
 
	if message != 'quit':
		print(message)

在进入while循环后显示prompt.

7.2.2 Using a Flag

For a program that should run only as long as many conditions are true, you can define one variable that determines whether or not the entire program is active. This variable, called a flag, acts as a signal to the program.

prompt = "\nTell me something, and I will repeat it back to you:"
prompt += "\nEnter 'quit' to end the program. "
 
active = True
while active:
	message = input(prompt)
 
	if message == 'quit':
		active = False
	else:
		print(message)

7.2.3 Using break to Exit a Loop

prompt = "\nPlease enter the name of a city you have visited:"
prompt += "\n(Enter 'quit' when you are finished.) "

while True:
	city = input(prompt)
 
	if city == 'quit':
		break
	else:
		print(f"I'd love to go to {city.title()}!")

7.1.4 Using continue in a Loop

输出奇数：

current_number = 0
while current_number < 10:
	current_number += 1
	if current_number % 2 == 0:
		continue

print(current_number)

7.3 Using a while Loop with Lists and Dictionaries

7.3.1 Moving Items from One List to Another

# Start with users that need to be verified, 
# and an empty list to hold confirmed users.
unconfirmed_users = ['alice', 'brian', 'candace']
confirmed_users = []

# Verify each user until there are no more unconfirmed users.
# Move each verified user into the list of confirmed users.
while unconfirmed_users:
	current_user = unconfirmed_users.pop()

	print(f"Verifying user: {current_user.title()}")
	confirmed_users.append(current_user)

# Display all confirmed users.
print("\nThe following users have been confirmed:")
for confirmed_user in confirmed_users:
	print(confirmed_user.title())

未完