python PIL

涉及知识点：

• 生成登陆验证码
• 实现单用户登陆
• 压缩图片

1.压缩图片大小

from PIL import Image

img = Image.open('1.jpg')
# 获得原图片的像素值
size = img.size
# 用抗锯齿模式生成缩略图
img.thumbnail(size, Image.ANTIALIAS)
# 生成的图片像素不变，磁盘大小变小
img.save('new.jpg')

2.Django中生成验证码
1.前端页面请求验证码图片

<form action="/login_/" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    <p>用户名：<input type="text" name="username" required></p>
    <p>密码：<input type="password" name="password" required></p>
    <input type="hidden" value="{{ count }}" name="count">
		// 两次登陆失败，则需输入验证码
        {% if count > 2 %}
            <p>请输入验证码：<input type="text" name="verify" required>
            <img src="/test/verifycode/" id="verifyImg"></p>
        {% endif %}

    <button>提交</button>
</form>

<script>
    $(function () {
    	// 点击验证码时在url后追加随机数字，图片链接改变后浏览器会自动刷新图片
        $('#verifyImg').click(function () {
            $(this).prop('src','/test/verifycode/'+Math.random());
        });
    })
</script>

2.验证码图片对应的视图处理函数

from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont
import random, string, io
from django.shortcuts import HttpResponse, render

# 返回随机色
def rndColor():
    c1 = random.randrange(0, 220)
    c2 = random.randrange(0, 220)
    c3 = random.randrange(0, 220)
    return (c1, c2, c3)

def verifycode(request):
    '''用于生成随机验证码，返回验证码图片并将随机字符保存进session'''
    base_str = string.ascii_letters + string.digits
    # 返回4位随机验证码列表
    rnd_list = random.sample(base_str, 4)
    rnd_str = ''.join(rnd_list)

    # 保存验证码到session
    request.session['verifycode'] = rnd_str.lower()

    # 创建图片对象
    bgcolor = 'lightgray'
    width, height = 100, 25
    img = Image.new('RGB', (width, height), bgcolor)

    # 关联字体文件，设置字体大小
    font = ImageFont.truetype('/usr/share/fonts/truetype/fonts-japanese-gothic.ttf', 22)
    # 创建图片的画笔对象并书写验证码
    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(img)
    font_color = rndColor()
    draw.text((20, 2), rnd_str, fill=font_color, font=font)

    # 随机生成100个散点
    for i in range(100):
        xy = (random.randint(0, width), random.randint(0, height))
        draw.point(xy, fill=rndColor())

    # 生成随机直线
    for i in range(5):
        x1 = random.randint(0, width)
        y1 = random.randint(0, height)
        x2 = random.randint(0, width)
        y2 = random.randint(0, height)
        draw.line(xy=(x1, y1, x2, y2), fill=rndColor(), width=1)

    # 生成随机圆
    for i in range(5):
        x = random.randint(0, width)
        y = random.randint(0, height)
        draw.arc((x, y, x + 5, y + 5), 0, 360, fill=rndColor())

    # 开辟二进制内存空间，存储图片
    buf = io.BytesIO()
    img.save(buf, 'png')
	
    return HttpResponse(buf.getvalue())

3.登陆逻辑

from django.contrib.sessions.models import Session
from django.contrib import auth
from django.utils import timezone

def login_(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        if int(request.POST.get('count',0)) > 2:
            verify = request.POST.get('verify').lower()
            if verify != request.session['verifycode']:
                return render(request,'login.html',{'message':'验证码错误'})
        username = request.POST.get('username')
        password = request.POST.get('password')
        user = auth.authenticate(username=username,password=password)
        if user is not None and user.is_active:
            auth.login(request,user)
            #挤掉之前登录的同一个账号
            # 删除非当前用户session_key的记录
            #查出的session，打印出来为session_key，可能是对象,本次登录的用户id并不会存进session中
            for session in Session.objects.filter(expire_date__gte=timezone.now()):
                data = session.get_decoded()
                if data.get('_auth_user_id', None) == str(request.user.id):
                    session.delete()
            return redirect(request.COOKIES['origin_url'])
        else:
            count = int(request.POST.get('count',1)) + 1
            return render(request,'login.html',{'message':'用户名或密码错误','count':count})
    return render(request,'login.html',{'message':'哪来的？','count':1})