django----学员管理系统DEMO

1.创建虚拟环境(windows)

D:\workspace>python -m venv student-env        # 创建虚拟环境
D:\workspace>cd student-env                    # 进入虚拟环境目录
D:\workspace\student-env>Scripts\activate      # 激活环境
(student-env) D:\workspace\student-env>Scripts\deactivate # 退出
D:\workspace\student-env>

2.创建项目

pip install django~=1.11
mkdir student_house
cd student_house
django-admin startproject student_sys
python manage.py startapp student

3.models.py

定义模型层，封装数据获取的逻辑

from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
class Student(models.Model):
    SEX_ITEMS = [
        (1, '男'),
        (2, '女'),
        (0, '未知'),
    ]
    STATUS_ITEM = (
        (0, '申请'),
        (1, '通过'),
        (2, '拒绝'),
    )
    name = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name='姓名')
    sex = models.IntegerField(choices=SEX_ITEMS, verbose_name='性别')
    profession = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name='职业')
    email = models.EmailField(verbose_name='Email')
    qq = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name='QQ')
    phone = models.CharField(max_length=128, verbose_name='电话')
    status = models.IntegerField(choices=STATUS_ITEM, default=0, verbose_name='审核状态')
    # 自动添加日期时间，不可编辑
    created_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True, editable=False, verbose_name='创建时间')

    def __str__(self):
        return '<Student: {}>'.format(self.name)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = verbose_name_plural = '学员信息'
        
    # 将数据获取的逻辑封装在Model层
    @ classmethod
    def get_all(cls):
        return cls.objects.all()

4.admin.py

注册管理后台

from django.contrib import admin
from student.models import Student

# Register your models here.
@admin.register(Student)
class StudentAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    # 列表页显示的字段
    list_display = ('id', 'name', 'sex', 'profession', 'email', 'qq', 'phone', 'status', 'created_time')
    # 列表页过滤器
    list_filter = ('sex', 'status')
    # 列表页查询字段
    search_fields = ('name', 'profession')
    # 编辑页字段，不与fields共存
    fieldsets = (
        ('基本信息', {
            'fields': ('name', 'sex', 'profession'),
        }),
        ('联系方式', {
            'fields': ('email', 'qq', 'phone')
        })
    )

5.forms.py

定义form表单，可自定义数据校验规则

from django import forms
from student.models import Student

# 定义form表单
class StudentForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Student
        fields = (
            'name', 'sex', 'profession',
            'email', 'qq', 'phone',
        )

    # 自定义数据校验，方法名：clean_字段名
    def clean_qq(self):
        cleaned_data = self.cleaned_data['qq']
        if not cleaned_data.isdigit():
            # 错误信息会保存到form对象上，最终渲染到页面上
            raise forms.ValidationError('必须是数字！')
        return int(cleaned_data)

6.views.py

定义视图处理类class-base view

from django.http import HttpResponseRedirect
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from django.urls import reverse
from django.views import View
from student.forms import StudentForm
from student.models import Student

class IndexView(View):
    template_name = 'index.html'

    # 获取学员信息
    def get_context(self):
        students = Student.get_all()    # 使用model中定义的类方法
        context = {
            'students': students,
        }
        return context

    def get(self, request):
        context = self.get_context()
        form = StudentForm()    # 创建form对象
        context.update({
            'form': form,
        })
        return render(request, self.template_name, context=context)

    def post(self, request):
        # 接受form表单提交的数据
        form = StudentForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save()
            # 重定向，使用reverse方法反向解析url地址，也可用redirect方法重定向
            return HttpResponseRedirect(reverse('index'))
        context = self.get_context()
        # 走到这则证明form表单数据异常，此时form中会带上错误信息，如qq号格式错误，邮箱格式错误等
        context.update({'form': form})
        return render(request, self.template_name, context=context)

7.urls.py

from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from student.views import IndexView

urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$', IndexView.as_view(), name='index'),
    url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
]

8.index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>学员管理系统</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>学员管理系统</h1>
<hr>
<ul>
    {% for student in students %}
{#        直接显示status对应的文字#}
        <li>{{ student.name }} - {{ student.get_status_display }}</li>
    {% endfor %}
</ul>
<hr>
<form action="/" method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
{#    直接渲染自定的form表单#}
    {{ form }}
    <button>提交</button>
</form>
</body>
</html>