图像处理汇总

图像处理快速入门

声明：菜鸡简单整理中

1.Matlab图像处理常用函数
2.Python+OpenCv图像处理

抠图(Matting)

一、算法研究：Alpha Matting Evaluation
二、处理工具：
1.Removebg-图片背景消除网站：removebg
2.win10画图3D的神奇选择（GrabCut算法）
3.简易的阈值处理：

灰度图

import cv2
def im2bw(img):
    blur = cv2.GaussianBlur(img, (5, 5), 0)  #高斯滤波
    # 全局OTSU阈值
    (thresh, th1) = cv2.threshold(blur, 0, 255, cv2.THRESH_OTSU)
    # 自适应阈值
    th2 = cv2.adaptiveThreshold(blur, 255, cv2.ADAPTIVE_THRESH_MEAN_C,\
                                cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV,11,2)
    th3 = cv2.adaptiveThreshold(blur, 255, cv2.ADAPTIVE_THRESH_GAUSSIAN_C, \
                                cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV, 11, 2)
    return th1, th2, th3

彩色图

import cv2
import numpy as np
hsv = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)#rgb转hsv空间
low = np.array([100, 43, 46])    #hsv中蓝色下限
up = np.array([124, 255, 255]) #hsv中蓝色上限
mask = cv2.inRange(hsv, low, up) #  低于low,高于up的值置0，low-up之间的值置为255

图片裁剪

import cv2
import numpy as np
import os
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import filedialog

#img = cv2.imread('C:/Users/dell/r.jpg')#读原图
#img = cv2.imread('C:/Users/dell/r.jpg'，0)#读灰度图
# GRAY=0.3*R+0.59*G+0.11*B #计算公式

# 弹出对话框选图
root = tk.Tk()
root.withdraw()
#Folderpath = filedialog.askdirectory()  #文件夹路径
Filepath = filedialog.askopenfilename() #文件路径
(path,filename)=os.path.split(Filepath)  #路径和文件名拆分
#去掉扩展名.jpg使用filename[:-4]

img = cv2.imread(filepath)
#『高』(height)『宽』(width) 
height,width,channels = img.shape
#注意：如果是灰度图会报错，此时img.shape只包含两个值img.shape[0]和img.shape[1]

#原图1920*1080尺寸（电脑右键属性详细信息）
#print(img.shape)   (1080,1920,3)
#裁成 120*90 共计16*12=192张小图

count=0
for i in range(12):
    for j in range(16):
        small=image[i*90:(i+1)*90,j*120:(j+1)*120, :]
        #注意：如果漏掉上面的，：则变为单通道的图
        count+=1
        cv2.imwrite(imagepath + "/" + 'R' + '%d.jpg' % count, small)
print(count)
# 第16号图为第一行右上角

opencv-python 画未填充矩形

问题来源：opencv官方文档-把鼠标当画笔
解决方案：stackoverflow论坛：drawing rectangle in openCV python

import cv2
ref_point = []

def shape_selection(event, x, y, flags, param):
    # grab references to the global variables
    global ref_point, crop

    # if the left mouse button was clicked, record the starting
    # (x, y) coordinates and indicate that cropping is being performed
    if event == cv2.EVENT_LBUTTONDOWN: #检测鼠标左键是否按下
        ref_point = [(x, y)]

    # check to see if the left mouse button was released
    elif event == cv2.EVENT_LBUTTONUP:
        # record the ending (x, y) coordinates and indicate that
        # the cropping operation is finished
        ref_point.append((x, y))

        # draw a rectangle around the region of interest
        cv2.rectangle(image, ref_point[0], ref_point[1], (255, 0, 0), 1)#蓝色画笔
        # 注意：如果读入的图的是单通道的，则画笔只会出现白色
        cv2.imshow("image", image)
        
image=cv2.imread(Filepath)
clone = image.copy()
cv2.namedWindow("image",cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
cv2.setMouseCallback("image", shape_selection)

while True:
    # display the image and wait for a keypress
    cv2.namedWindow("image",cv2.WINDOW_NORMAL)
    cv2.imshow("image", image)
    key = cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF

    # press 'r' to reset the window 重画
    if key == ord("r"):
        image = clone.copy()

    # if the 'c' key is pressed, break from the loop 退出
    elif key == ord("c"):
        break

cv2.imwrite('A.jpg', image)#保存image
# close all open windows
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

图片匹配（Matching）