锐捷（八）OSPF虚链路(Virtual Link)

OSPF 如果有多个区域，则其中一个必须为区域0，即骨干区域，其他所有区域都与区域0直接相连，且区域0必须是连续的，OSPF 要求所有非骨干区域都将路由通告给骨干，以便将这些路由通告到其他区域。

OSPF 虚链路作用

通过使用虚链路，可以将不连续的区域0连接起来，还可将区域通过中转区域连接到区域0。但是不应将其作为一种主要的骨干设计功能（不等同于骨干区域），应只在出现故障后使用OSPF虚链路功能来提供临时连接或备用连接。

背景：
R1不能学习到R4的路由

步骤1：配置各设备接口的 IP地址

R1(config)#interface GigabitEthernet 0/0
R1(config-if-GigabitEthernet 0/0)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
R1(config-if-GigabitEthernet 0/0)#exit

R2(config)#interface GigabitEthernet 0/0
R2(config-if-GigabitEthernet 0/0)#ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if-GigabitEthernet 0/0)#exit

R2(config)#interface GigabitEthernet 0/1
R2(config-if-GigabitEthernet 0/1)#ip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if-GigabitEthernet 0/1)#exit

R3(config)#interface GigabitEthernet 0/0
R3(config-if-GigabitEthernet 0/0)#ip address 192.168.3.1 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if-GigabitEthernet 0/0)#exit

R3(config)#interface GigabitEthernet 0/1
R3(config-if-GigabitEthernet 0/1)#ip address 192.168.2.2 255.255.255.0
R3(config-if-GigabitEthernet 0/1)#exit

R4(config)#interface GigabitEthernet 0/0
R4(config-if-GigabitEthernet 0/0)#ip address 192.168.3.2 255.255.255.0
R4(config-if-GigabitEthernet 0/0)#exit

步骤2：启动OSPF并设置 router-id，并把对应的接口通告到指定区域

R1(config)route ospf 1
R1(config-router)#router-id 1.1.1.1
Change router-id and update OSPF process! [yes/no]:yes
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R1(config-router)#exit

R2(config)#route ospf 1
R2(config-router)#router-id 2.2.2.2
Change router-id and update OSPF process! [yes/no]:yes
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
R2(config-router)#exit

R3(config)#route ospf 1
R3(config-router)#router-id 3.3.3.3
Change router-id and update OSPF process! [yes/no]:yes
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 1
R3(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
R3(config-router)#exit

R4(config)#route ospf 1
R4(config-router)#router-id 4.4.4.4
Change router-id and update OSPF process! [yes/no]:yes
R4(config-router)#network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 2
R4(config-router)#exit

步骤3：查看各设备的 OSPF 邻居建立是否成功

R1#show ip ospf neighbor 
OSPF process 1, 1 Neighbors, 1 is Full:
Neighbor ID     Pri   State                BFD State  Dead Time   Address         Interface
2.2.2.2           1   Full/BDR             -          00:00:32    192.168.1.2     GigabitEthernet 0/0

R2#show ip ospf neighbor 
OSPF process 1, 3 Neighbors, 3 is Full:
Neighbor ID     Pri   State                BFD State  Dead Time   Address         Interface
1.1.1.1           1   Full/DR              -          00:00:33    192.168.1.1     GigabitEthernet 0/0
3.3.3.3           1   Full/DR              -          00:00:35    192.168.2.2     GigabitEthernet 0/1

R3#show ip ospf neighbor 
OSPF process 1, 3 Neighbors, 3 is Full:
Neighbor ID     Pri   State                BFD State  Dead Time   Address         Interface
2.2.2.2           1   Full/BDR             -          00:00:38    192.168.2.1     GigabitEthernet 0/0
4.4.4.4           1   Full/DR              -          00:00:36    192.168.3.2     GigabitEthernet 0/1

R4#show ip ospf neighbor 
OSPF process 1, 1 Neighbors, 1 is Full:
Neighbor ID     Pri   State                BFD State  Dead Time   Address         Interface
3.3.3.3           1   Full/BDR             -          00:00:39    192.168.3.1     GigabitEthernet 0/0

步骤4：让R2和R3建立ospf虚拟链路

R2(config)#route ospf 1
# 其中 3.3.3.3、2.2.2.2 为 对端设备 OSPF 的 Route-id
R2(config-router)#area 1 virtual-link 3.3.3.3
R2(config-router)#exit

R3(config)#route ospf 1
R3(config-router)#area 1 virtual-link 2.2.2.2
R3(config-router)#exit

步骤5：查看R1是否学到192.168.2.0和192.168.3.0的邻居关系

R1#show ip route 
Codes:  C - Connected, L - Local, S - Static
        R - RIP, O - OSPF, B - BGP, I - IS-IS, V - Overflow route
        N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
        E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
        SU - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
        IA - Inter area, EV - BGP EVPN, A - Arp to host
        LA - Local aggregate route
        * - candidate default
Gateway of last resort is no set
C     192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, GigabitEthernet 0/0
C     192.168.1.1/32 is local host. 
O IA  192.168.2.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.1.2, 00:07:04, GigabitEthernet 0/0
O IA  192.168.3.0/24 [110/3] via 192.168.1.2, 00:05:54, GigabitEthernet 0/0

步骤6：在R2，R3上查看虚链路的运行状态

R2#show ip ospf virtual-links
Virtual Link VLINK0 to router 3.3.3.3 is up
  Transit area 0.0.0.1 via interface GigabitEthernet 0/1
  Local address 192.168.2.1/32
  Remote address 192.168.2.2/32
  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State Point-To-Point,
  Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
    Hello due in 00:00:05
    Adjacency state Full

R3#show ip ospf virtual-links
Virtual Link VLINK0 to router 2.2.2.2 is up
  Transit area 0.0.0.1 via interface GigabitEthernet 0/0
  Local address 192.168.2.2/32
  Remote address 192.168.2.1/32
  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State Point-To-Point,
  Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
    Hello due in 00:00:07
    Adjacency state Full