三.Playbook示例

• 在这之前首先配置ssh免交互登录
  ansible生成秘钥对，将公钥复制到远端

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:Ynr41WxUvOLeW6Vd7r1wIOBDwclRjnC+cZ5NQIZksoM root@localhost.localdomain
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 2048]----+
|       o+**=     |
|      . B==..    |
|     E o * oo.   |
|        + *.+.   |
|      o S+o+.o  o|
|     + . =... .=.|
|    o . . =  .o.o|
|     o . o . .o..|
|      .   . o. .+|
+----[SHA256]-----+
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.19.181
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub"
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed
/usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys
root@192.168.19.181's password: 

Number of key(s) added: 1

Now try logging into the machine, with:   "ssh 'root@192.168.19.181'"
and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# ssh 192.168.19.181
Last login: Sun Oct 18 19:55:13 2020 from 192.168.19.1
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.19.181  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.19.255
        inet6 fe80::d00f:1122:99ef:9bfe  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:f2:95:37  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 467287  bytes 692798714 (660.7 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 86756  bytes 5399270 (5.1 MiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

• 编辑hosts文件，批量管理主机

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cd /etc/ansible/
[root@localhost ansible]# ls
ansible.cfg  hosts  roles
[root@localhost ansible]# mv hosts hosts_backup
[root@localhost ansible]# ls
ansible.cfg  hosts_backup  roles
[root@localhost ansible]# vim hosts
[root@localhost ansible]# cat hosts
[web]
192.168.19.181
[root@localhost ansible]# ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts web -m ping
192.168.19.181 | SUCCESS => {  //检查所有主机是否存活
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
[root@localhost ansible]# ansible web --list  //显示web组所有的主机
  hosts (1):
    192.168.19.181

ansible -i /etc/ansible/hosts web -m ping
success表示执行成功，=> {}表示检查的结果，false表示没有对主机作出更改，pong表示执行的ping命令返回的结果

• Playbook示例安装Apache服务

1.创建yaml文件

[root@localhost playbooks_yaml]# vim httpd.yml
[root@localhost playbooks_yaml]# cat httpd.yml 
---
- hosts: web
  remote_user: root

  tasks:
    - name: Install httpd
      yum: name=httpd state=present
    - name: start service
      service: name=httpd state=started enabled=yes
...
[root@localhost playbooks_yaml]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check httpd.yml  //语法检查没有任何提示就OK

playbook: httpd.yml
[root@localhost playbooks_yaml]# pwd
/etc/ansible/playbooks_yaml

2.执行playbook，在执行前先预测试,预测试没有问题的话，再执行

[root@localhost playbooks_yaml]# ansible-playbook -C httpd.yml 

PLAY [web] *****************************************************************************************************************************************************************

TASK [Gathering Facts] *****************************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.19.181]

TASK [Install httpd] *******************************************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.19.181]

TASK [start service] *******************************************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.19.181]

PLAY RECAP *****************************************************************************************************************************************************************
192.168.19.181             : ok=3    changed=2    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0