rounding mode

什么是rounding mode

c语言中rounding mode(rounding direction)的总结(基于C99标准)。所谓rounding mode就是常说的舍入模式，例如，四舍五入、向上取整、向下取整。舍入模式决定了当浮点运算的结果不能在有效值中精确表示时应该如何处理。

rounding mode在C99中的定义

FLT_ROUNDS表示浮点运算的舍入模式。FLT_ROUNDS的值如下图(from C99-N1256)所示：

toward zero表示运算后的结果向0值方向靠近；

to nearest表示运算后的结果向最近的整数方向靠近；

toward positive infinity 表示正无穷方向；

toward negative infinity 表示负无穷方向；

标准中规定，FLT_ROUNDS的值要正确的反应当前的rounding mode，但是在glibc 2.1版本中，fesetround()并不能正确地改变FLT_ROUNDS的值，FLT_ROUNDS的值始终为1。FLT_ROUNDS在<float.h>中定义。

标准中规定，只有fegetround()和fesetround()实现后，FE_TONEAREST, FE_UPWARD, FE_DOWNWARD, FE_TOWARDZERO表示4种rounding mode。FE_*宏在<fenv.h>中定义。

FE_TOWARDZERO等价于FLT_ROUNDS的toward zero;

FE_TONEAREST等价于FLT_ROUNDS的to nearest;

FE_UPWARD等价于FLT_ROUNDS的toward positive infinity;

FE_DOWNWARD等价于FLT_ROUNDS的toward negative infinity;

示例

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
#include <float.h>
#include <fenv.h>

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    double a = 1.2; 
    double b = -1.2; 
    double c = -1.5; 
    double d = -1.51; 
    double e = 1.5; 
    double f = 1.51; 

    printf("FE_TONEAREST=%d\n", FE_TONEAREST);
    printf("FE_UPWARD=%d\n", FE_UPWARD);
    printf("FE_DOWNWARD=%d\n", FE_DOWNWARD);
    printf("FE_TOWARDZERO=%d\n", FE_TOWARDZERO);
    printf("\n");

    printf("current rouding mode:%d\n",fegetround());
    printf("FLT_ROUNDS=%d\n", FLT_ROUNDS);

    printf("rint(%f)=%f\n", a, rint(a));
    printf("rint(%f)=%f\n", b, rint(b));
    printf("rint(%f)=%f\n", c, rint(c));
    printf("rint(%f)=%f\n", e, rint(e));
    printf("rint(%f)=%f\n", f, rint(f));
    printf("rint(%f)=%f\n", f, rint(f));

    printf("1-after set rounding mode\n");
    fesetround(FE_TOWARDZERO);
    printf("current rouding mode:%d\n",fegetround());
    printf("FLT_ROUNDS=%d\n", FLT_ROUNDS);
    printf("rint(%f)=%f\n", a, rint(a));
    printf("rint(%f)=%f\n", b, rint(b));
    printf("rint(%f)=%f\n", c, rint(c));
    printf("rint(%f)=%f\n", e, rint(e));
    printf("rint(%f)=%f\n", f, rint(f));
    printf("rint(%f)=%f\n", f, rint(f));

    printf("2-after set rounding mode\n");
    fesetround(FE_UPWARD);
    printf("current rouding mode:%d\n",fegetround());
    printf("FLT_ROUNDS=%d\n", FLT_ROUNDS);
    printf("rint(%f)=%f\n", a, rint(a));
    printf("rint(%f)=%f\n", b, rint(b));
    printf("rint(%f)=%f\n", c, rint(c));
    printf("rint(%f)=%f\n", e, rint(e));
    printf("rint(%f)=%f\n", f, rint(f));
    printf("rint(%f)=%f\n", f, rint(f));

    printf("3-after set rounding mode\n");
    fesetround(FE_DOWNWARD);
    printf("current rouding mode:%d\n",fegetround());
    printf("FLT_ROUNDS=%d\n", FLT_ROUNDS);
    printf("rint(%f)=%f\n", a, rint(a));
    printf("rint(%f)=%f\n", b, rint(b));
    printf("rint(%f)=%f\n", c, rint(c));
    printf("rint(%f)=%f\n", e, rint(e));
    printf("rint(%f)=%f\n", f, rint(f));
    printf("rint(%f)=%f\n", f, rint(f));

    return 0;
}

rint()函数的作用是 按rounding direction取整。

运行结果

$ ./a.out
FE_TONEAREST=0
FE_UPWARD=2048
FE_DOWNWARD=1024
FE_TOWARDZERO=3072

current rouding mode:0 # 说明，默认的rounding mode是to nearest
FLT_ROUNDS=1
rint(1.200000)=1.000000
rint(-1.200000)=-1.000000
rint(-1.500000)=-2.000000
rint(1.500000)=2.000000
rint(1.510000)=2.000000
rint(1.510000)=2.000000
1-after set rounding mode
current rouding mode:3072 # 设置为 toword zero
FLT_ROUNDS=1 # FLT_ROUNDS的值没有变化
rint(1.199999)=1.000000
rint(-1.199999)=-1.000000
rint(-1.500000)=-1.000000
rint(1.500000)=1.000000
rint(1.510000)=1.000000
rint(1.510000)=1.000000
2-after set rounding mode
current rouding mode:2048 # 设置为 upward
FLT_ROUNDS=1 # FLT_ROUNDS的值没有变化
rint(1.200000)=2.000000
rint(-1.199999)=-1.000000
rint(-1.500000)=-1.000000
rint(1.500000)=2.000000
rint(1.510001)=2.000000
rint(1.510001)=2.000000
3-after set rounding mode
current rouding mode:1024 # 设置为 downward
FLT_ROUNDS=1 # FLT_ROUNDS的值没有变化
rint(1.199999)=1.000000
rint(-1.200000)=-2.000000
rint(-1.500000)=-2.000000
rint(1.500000)=1.000000
rint(1.510000)=1.000000
rint(1.510000)=1.000000