状态模式

状态模式允许对象在内部状态发生改变时改变它的行为，对象看起来好像修改了它的类。主要解决对象的行为依赖于它的状态（属性），并且可以根据它的状态改变而改变它的相关行为。

示例如下（水随温度改变状态）：

创建一个接口state

package H2O;
public interface State {
	public abstract void show();
}

三个具体类实现state接口

public class IceState implements State{
	public void show() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("此时为固态");
		
	}
}

public class LiquidState implements State{
	public void show() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("此时为液态");
		
	}
}

public class GaseousState implements State {
	public void show() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("此时为汽态");
	
	}
}

当前状态

public class H2O {
	State Icestate,Liquidstate,Gaseousstate,state;
	double tem;
	H2O(){
		this.tem = tem;
		Icestate = new IceState();
		Liquidstate = new LiquidState();
		Gaseousstate = new GaseousState();
		state = Liquidstate;//初始为液态
	}
	void changeTemperature(double temperature){
		this.tem = temperature;
		state.show();
		if(state==Liquidstate){
			if(temperature>=100){
				state=Gaseousstate;
				System.out.println("变为汽态");
			}
			if(temperature<=0){
				state=Icestate;
				System.out.println("变为固态");
			}
			if((temperature<100) &(temperature>0)){
			 
				System.out.println("仍为液态");
			}
		}
		else if(state==Gaseousstate){
			if(temperature>=100){
				System.out.println("仍为汽态");
			}
			if(temperature<=0){
				state=Icestate;
				System.out.println("凝华变为固态");
		    }
			if((temperature<100) &(temperature>0)){
				state=Liquidstate;
				System.out.println("变为液态");
			}
	}
		else if(state==Icestate){
			if(temperature>=100){
				state=Gaseousstate;
				System.out.println("汽化变为汽态");
			}
			if(temperature<=0){
				state=Icestate;
				System.out.println("仍为固态");
		    }
			if((temperature<100) &(temperature>0)){
				state=Liquidstate;
				System.out.println("变为液态");
			}
		}
	}	
	public void changeLiquid(){
		state=Liquidstate;
	}
	public void changGaseous(){
		state=Gaseousstate;
	}
	public void changeIce(){
		state=Icestate;
	}
}

实现类

public class Application {
	public static void main(String args[]){
	    H2O h2o=new H2O();
	    h2o.changeTemperature(0);
	    System.out.println("温度为"+h2o.tem);
	    h2o.changeTemperature(70);
	    System.out.println("温度为"+h2o.tem);
	    h2o.changeTemperature(155);
	    System.out.println("温度为"+h2o.tem);
	}
}

结果

状态模式可以用来取代if else语句判断，使得代码变得简洁明了，但是局限性较大，适合范围有限，仅适合一些结构简单的场景。