经过长时间的学习终于可以开始tinystl的仿(chao)写工作了,本文参考了这位大神的github,坦白讲我只是补充了注释,因为tinystl的代码真的非常经典而我又没什么这种大型项目的经验,所以只能这样做,不过相信能够有助于大家的学习
#强烈建议按顺序阅读本专栏
avl树的构成和bst树的构成有很多相同之处,无非就是多了旋转(查看这篇博客了解)
.h文件
#pragma once
#ifndef _AVL_TREE_H_
#define _AVL_TREE_H_
#include "Allocator.h"
#include "Iterator.h"
#include "Stack.h"
#include "String.h"
#include <set>
namespace mySTL {
namespace Detail {
template<class T>
class avl_iter;
}
//class of avl tree
template<class T>
class avl_tree {
private:
template<class T>
friend class Detail::avl_iter;
private:
struct node {
T data_;
node *left_, *right_;
size_t height_;
typedef T value_type;
explicit node(T d = T(), node *l = 0, node *r = 0, size_t h = 1)
:data_(d), left_(l), right_(r), height_(h) {}
};
typedefmySTL::allocator<node> dataAllocator;
public:
typedef T value_type;
typedef Detail::avl_iter<node> const_iterator;
typedef const T& const_reference;
typedef size_t size_type;
private:
node *root_;
size_t size_;
public:
avl_tree() :root_(0), size_(0) {}
avl_tree(const avl_tree&) = delete;
avl_tree& operator = (const avl_tree&) = delete;
~avl_tree();
void insert(const T& val);
template<class Iterator>
void insert(Iterator first, Iterator last);
void erase(const T& val);
size_t height()const { return getHeight(root_); }
size_t size()const { return size_; }
bool empty()const { return root_ == 0; }
const_iterator root()const { return const_iterator(root_, this); }
const_iterator cbegin()const { return find_min(); }
const_iterator cend()const { return const_iterator(0, this); }
const_iterator find_min()const;
const_iterator find_max()const;
const_iterator find(const T& val)const;
void print_preorder(const string& delim = " ", std::ostream& os = std::cout)const;
void print_inorder(const string& delim = " ", std::ostream& os = std::cout)const;
void print_postorder(const string& delim = " ", std::ostream& os = std::cout)const;
void print_levelorder(const string& delim = " ", std::ostream& os = std::cout)const;
private:
node *singleLeftLeftRotate(node *k2);
node *doubleLeftRightRotate(node * k3);
node *doubleRightLeftRotate(node * k3);
node *singleRightRightRotate(node * k2);
private:
void insert_elem(const T& val, node *&p);
void erase_elem(const T& val, node *&p);
void destroyAndDeallocateAllNodes(node *p);
size_t getHeight(const node *p)const { return p == 0 ? 0 : p->height_; }
const_iterator find_min_aux(const node *ptr)const;
const_iterator find_max_aux(const node *ptr)const;
const_iterator find_aux(const T& val, const node *ptr)const;
void print_preorder_aux(const string& delim, std::ostream& os, const node *ptr)const;
void print_inorder_aux(const string& delim, std::ostream& os, const node *ptr)const;
void print_postorder_aux(const string& delim, std::ostream& os, const node *ptr)const;
};// end of avl_tree
namespace Detail {
//class of avl tree iterator
template<class T>//T = node
class avl_iter :
public iterator<forward_iterator_tag, typename avl_tree<typename T::value_type>::value_type> {
private:
template<class T>
friend class avl_tree;
private:
//typedef typename avl_tree<typename T::value_type>::value_type value_type;
typedef typename avl_tree<typename T::value_type>::const_reference const_reference;
typedef typename const T::value_type *const_pointer;
typedef const avl_tree<typename T::value_type> * cntrPtr;
private:
const T *ptr_;
cntrPtr container_;
stack<const T *> parent_;//保存从root到ptr_的父节点的路径
std::set<const T *> visited_;//当前节点是否被访问过(此node被访问说明其左子树已被访问了)
public:
avl_iter(const T *ptr, cntrPtr container);
operator const T*()const { return ptr_; }
const_reference operator*()const { return ptr_->data_; }
const_pointer operator ->()const { return &(operator*()); }
avl_iter left()const { return avl_iter(ptr_->left_, container_); }
avl_iter right()const { return avl_iter(ptr_->right_, container_); }
avl_iter& operator ++();
avl_iter operator ++(int);
public:
template<class T>
friend bool operator ==(const avl_iter<T>& it1, const avl_iter<T>& it2);
template<class T>
friend bool operator !=(const avl_iter<T>& it1, const avl_iter<T>& it2);
};//end of avl_iter
}
}
#include "Detail\AVLTree.impl.h"
#endif
impl.h文件
#pragma once
#ifndef _AVL_TREE_IMPL_H_
#define _AVL_TREE_IMPL_H_
namespace mySTL {
//detail内的内容与bst一致
namespace Detail {
//在获得迭代器的同时还要获得其visited
template<class T>
avl_iter<T>::avl_iter(const T *ptr, cntrPtr container)
:ptr_(ptr), container_(container) {
if (!ptr_)
return;
auto temp = container_->root_;
while (temp && temp != ptr_ && temp->data_ != ptr_->data_) {
parent_.push(temp);
if (temp->data_ < ptr_->data_) {
//temp向右走说明temo指向的父节点不需要再次访问了
visited_.insert(temp);//add 2015.01.14
temp = temp->right_;
}
else if (temp->data_ > ptr_->data_) {
temp = temp->left_;
}
}
}
template<class T>
avl_iter<T>& avl_iter<T>::operator ++() {
visited_.insert(ptr_);//此node被访问
if (ptr_->right_) {//此node还有右子树
//rvisited_.insert(ptr_);
parent_.push(ptr_);
ptr_ = ptr_->right_;
while (ptr_ && ptr_->left_) {
parent_.push(ptr_);
ptr_ = ptr_->left_;
}
}
else {//node无右子树则只能向父节点路径移动
ptr_ = 0;//add 2015.01.14
while (!parent_.empty()) {
ptr_ = parent_.top();
parent_.pop();
if (visited_.count(ptr_) == 0) {//父节点尚未访问,此时ptr_指向此节点
visited_.insert(ptr_);
break;
}
ptr_ = 0;//设为哨兵
}//end of while
}//end of if
return *this;
}
template<class T>
avl_iter<T> avl_iter<T>::operator ++(int) {
auto res = *this;
++*this;
return res;
}
template<class T>
bool operator ==(const avl_iter<T>& it1, const avl_iter<T>& it2) {
return it1.ptr_ == it2.ptr_;
}
template<class T>
bool operator !=(const avl_iter<T>& it1, const avl_iter<T>& it2) {
return !(it1 == it2);
}
}
//析构
template<class T>
void avl_tree<T>::destroyAndDeallocateAllNodes(node *p) {
if (p != 0) {
destroyAndDeallocateAllNodes(p->left_);
destroyAndDeallocateAllNodes(p->right_);
dataAllocator::destroy(p);
dataAllocator::deallocate(p);
}
}
template<class T>
avl_tree<T>::~avl_tree() {
destroyAndDeallocateAllNodes(root_);
}
//左旋
template<class T>
typename avl_tree<T>::node *avl_tree<T>::singleLeftLeftRotate(node *k2) {
auto k1 = k2->left_;
k2->left_ = k1->right_;
k1->right_ = k2;
k2->height_ = max(getHeight(k2->left_), getHeight(k2->right_)) + 1;
k1->height_ = max(getHeight(k1->left_), k2->height_) + 1;
return k1;
}
//先左子树右旋在左旋
template<class T>
typename avl_tree<T>::node *avl_tree<T>::doubleLeftRightRotate(node * k3) {
k3->left_ = singleRightRightRotate(k3->left_);
return singleLeftLeftRotate(k3);
}
//先右子树左旋在有旋
template<class T>
typename avl_tree<T>::node *avl_tree<T>::doubleRightLeftRotate(node * k3) {
k3->right_ = singleLeftLeftRotate(k3->right_);
return singleRightRightRotate(k3);
}
//右旋
template<class T>
typename avl_tree<T>::node *avl_tree<T>::singleRightRightRotate(node * k2) {
auto k1 = k2->right_;
k2->right_ = k1->left_;
k1->left_ = k2;
k2->height_ = max(getHeight(k2->left_), getHeight(k2->right_)) + 1;
k1->height_ = max(k2->height_, getHeight(k1->right_)) + 1;
return k1;
}
template<class T>
void avl_tree<T>::erase_elem(const T& val, node *&p) {
if (p == 0)
return;
if (p->data_ != val) {
if (val < p->data_)
return erase_elem(val, p->left_);
else
return erase_elem(val, p->right_);
}
//删除操作与bst一致,只是需要旋转处理
else { // found
if (p->left_ != 0 && p->right_ != 0) {// has two children
size_t choose = size_ % 2;
//随机选择删除左右,使得删除操作更平衡
auto pos = (choose == 0 ?
const_cast<node *>(find_min_aux(p->right_).ptr_) : const_cast<node *>(find_max_aux(p->left_).ptr_));
p->data_ = pos->data_;
return (choose == 0 ? erase_elem(pos->data_, p->right_) : erase_elem(pos->data_, p->left_));
}
else { //has one or no child
auto temp = p;
if (p->left_ == 0)
p = p->right_;
else
p = p->left_;
dataAllocator::destroy(temp);
dataAllocator::deallocate(temp);
--size_;
}
}
//旋转处理
if (p != 0) {//最后更新p的节点高度信息和旋转维持平衡
//本段无法理解就画图吧()
p->height_ = max(getHeight(p->left_), getHeight(p->right_)) + 1;
if (getHeight(p->left_) - getHeight(p->right_) == 2) {
if (p->left_->right_ == 0)
singleLeftLeftRotate(p);
else
doubleLeftRightRotate(p);
}
else if (getHeight(p->right_) - getHeight(p->left_) == 2) {
if (p->right_->left_ == 0)
singleRightRightRotate(p);
else
doubleRightLeftRotate(p);
}
}
}
template<class T>
void avl_tree<T>::erase(const T& val) {
return erase_elem(val, root_);
}
//插入函数
template<class T>
void avl_tree<T>::insert_elem(const T& val, node *&p) {
if (p == 0) {//根节点为空
p = dataAllocator::allocate();
dataAllocator::construct(p);
p->data_ = val;
p->left_ = p->right_ = 0;
p->height_ = 1;
++size_;
}
else if (p->data_ < val) {
insert_elem(val, p->right_);
if (getHeight(p->right_) - getHeight(p->left_) == 2) {
if (val > p->right_->data_)//加入了右子树,单右旋
p = singleRightRightRotate(p);
else//否则双旋
p = doubleRightLeftRotate(p);
}
}
else if (p->data_ > val) {
insert_elem(val, p->left_);
if (getHeight(p->left_) - getHeight(p->right_) == 2) {
if (val < p->left_->data_)
p = singleLeftLeftRotate(p);
else
p = doubleLeftRightRotate(p);
}
}
p->height_ = max(getHeight(p->left_), getHeight(p->right_)) + 1;
}
template<class T>
void avl_tree<T>::insert(const T& val) {
return insert_elem(val, root_);
}
template<class T>
template<class Iterator>
void avl_tree<T>::insert(Iterator first, Iterator last) {
for (; first != last; ++first)
insert(*first);
}
//各种遍历(同bst)
template<class T>
void avl_tree<T>::print_preorder_aux(const string& delim, std::ostream& os, const node *ptr)const {
if (ptr != 0) {
os << ptr->data_ << delim;
print_preorder_aux(delim, os, ptr->left_);
print_preorder_aux(delim, os, ptr->right_);
}
}
template<class T>
void avl_tree<T>::print_preorder(const string& delim, std::ostream& os)const {
print_preorder_aux(delim, os, root_);
}
template<class T>
void avl_tree<T>::print_inorder_aux(const string& delim, std::ostream& os, const node *ptr)const {
if (ptr != 0) {
print_inorder_aux(delim, os, ptr->left_);
os << ptr->data_ << delim;
print_inorder_aux(delim, os, ptr->right_);
}
}
template<class T>
void avl_tree<T>::print_inorder(const string& delim, std::ostream& os)const {
print_inorder_aux(delim, os, root_);
}
template<class T>
void avl_tree<T>::print_postorder_aux(const string& delim, std::ostream& os, const node *ptr)const {
if (ptr != 0) {
print_postorder_aux(delim, os, ptr->left_);
print_postorder_aux(delim, os, ptr->right_);
os << ptr->data_ << delim;
}
}
template<class T>
void avl_tree<T>::print_postorder(const string& delim, std::ostream& os)const {
print_postorder_aux(delim, os, root_);
}
template<class T>
void avl_tree<T>::print_levelorder(const string& delim, std::ostream& os)const {
auto temp = root_;
if (temp != 0) {
std::deque<node *> q;
q.push_back(temp);
while (!q.empty()) {
temp = q.front();
q.pop_front();
os << temp->data_ << delim;
if (temp->left_ != 0) q.push_back(temp->left_);
if (temp->right_ != 0) q.push_back(temp->right_);
}
}
}
//各种查找(同bst)
template<class T>
typename avl_tree<T>::const_iterator avl_tree<T>::find_aux(const T& val, const node *ptr)const {
while (ptr != 0) {
if (ptr->data_ < val)
ptr = ptr->right_;
else if (ptr->data_ > val)
ptr = ptr->left_;
else
break;
}
return const_iterator(ptr, this);
}
template<class T>
typename avl_tree<T>::const_iterator avl_tree<T>::find(const T& val)const {
return find_aux(val, root_);
}
template<class T>
typename avl_tree<T>::const_iterator avl_tree<T>::find_max_aux(const node *ptr)const {
while (ptr != 0 && ptr->right_ != 0)
ptr = ptr->right_;
return const_iterator(ptr, this);
}
template<class T>
typename avl_tree<T>::const_iterator avl_tree<T>::find_max()const {
return find_max_aux(root_);
}
template<class T>
typename avl_tree<T>::const_iterator avl_tree<T>::find_min_aux(const node *ptr)const {
while (ptr != 0 && ptr->left_ != 0)
ptr = ptr->left_;
return const_iterator(ptr, this);
}
template<class T>
typename avl_tree<T>::const_iterator avl_tree<T>::find_min()const {
return find_min_aux(root_);
}
}
#endif