设计模式(JAVA)——Decorator模式

1. Decorator模式

不段地为对象增加装饰(功能)的设计模式被称为Decorator模式

1.1 Decorator模式的类图

登场的角色:

• Component（组件）
  增加功能时的核心角色。

• ConcreteComponent
  实现了Component角色所定义的接口

• Decorator(装饰物)
  与Component角色具有相同的接口。在它内部保存了被装饰的对象

• ConcreteDecorator
  具体的装饰物

1.2 示例程序

类一览表：

名称	说明
Display	用于显示字符串的抽象类
StringDisplay	显示单行字符串
Border	用于显示边框的抽象类
SideBorder	装饰左右边框
FullBorder	装饰上下左右边框
Main	测试类

uml类图

Display类

package xin.ajay.decorator;

public abstract class Display {
    public abstract int getColumns();
    public abstract int getRows();
    public abstract String getRowText(int row);

    public final void show(){
        for (int i = 0; i < getRows(); i++) {
            System.out.println(getRowText(i));
        }
    }
}

StringDisplay类

package xin.ajay.decorator;

public class StringDisplay extends Display {
    private String msg;

    public StringDisplay(String msg) {
        this.msg = msg;
    }

    @Override
    public int getColumns() {
        return msg.getBytes().length;
    }

    @Override
    public int getRows() {
        return 1;
    }

    @Override
    public String getRowText(int row) {
        if(row==0){
            return msg;
        }
        return null;
    }
}

Border类

package xin.ajay.decorator;

public abstract class Border extends Display {
    protected Display display;

    protected Border(Display display){
        this.display = display;
    }

}

SideBorder类

package xin.ajay.decorator;

public class SideBorder extends Border {
    private char borderChar;

    public SideBorder(Display display, char borderChar) {
        super(display);
        this.borderChar = borderChar;
    }

    @Override
    public int getColumns() {
        return 1 + display.getColumns() +1;
    }

    @Override
    public int getRows() {
        return display.getRows();
    }

    @Override
    public String getRowText(int row) {
        return borderChar + display.getRowText(row) + borderChar;
    }
}

FullBorder类

package xin.ajay.decorator;

public class FullBorder extends Border {
    protected FullBorder(Display display) {
        super(display);
    }

    @Override
    public int getColumns() {
        return 1 + display.getColumns()+1;
    }

    @Override
    public int getRows() {
        return 1+display.getRows()+1;
    }

    @Override
    public String getRowText(int row) {
        if(row == 0){
            //上边框
            return "+" + makeLine('-',display.getColumns()) + "+";
        }else if(row == display.getRows() +1){
            //下边框
            return  "+" + makeLine('-',display.getColumns() )+ "+";
        }else {
            return "|" + display.getRowText(row-1) + "|";
        }

    }

    private String makeLine(char c, int columns) {
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
        for (int i = 0; i < columns; i++) {
            builder.append(c);
        }
        return builder.toString();
    }
}

Main类

package xin.ajay.decorator;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        StringDisplay display = new StringDisplay("hello");
        SideBorder b1 = new SideBorder(display, '#');
        FullBorder b2 = new FullBorder(b1);

        display.show();
        b1.show();
        b2.show();


    }
}

结果

hello
#hello#
+-------+
|#hello#|
+-------+

鸣谢

GoF《设计模式》和结城浩的《图解设计模式》