The Travelling Customer (Coding, Training)

The Travelling Customer (Coding, Training)

题目描述

In this programming challenge you need to solve the following problem:
You are represented a pricelist, an itemamount and a sum, as well as the stock parameter.
Your job is to select itemamount items which will result in the sum.
You may not select more items than stock from each type.

Example:
Chips=4
Eggs=2

Items=5
Sum=14
Stock=3
Level=1

An accepted answer would be: 2Chips3Eggs

Visit problem.php to request a new problem.
Send your answers to [answer.php?answer=answer] with the format NItemnameNItemname.
You need to solve 5 problems and your timelimit for each problem is 3 seconds.

Good Luck!

在这个编程挑战中你需要解决如下问题：

你将看到一个pricelist、一个itemamount和一个sum，以及stock参数。

你的工作是选出结果为sum的tiems的itemamount。

你选出的每种类型的itemamount不能超过stock

例子：

Chips = 4

Eggs = 2

Items = 5

Sum = 14

Stock = 3

Level = 1

一种承认的答案是：2Chips3Eggs

访问 problem.php 来请求一个新问题。

将你的答案以NItemnameNItemname的格式发送到answer.php?answer=[answer]

你需要解决5道题，每道题的时间限制为3秒。

祝你好运！

解

似乎是一个背包问题，但是这里已经给出最大价值，变成了一个约束求解的问题，解题思路很清楚，从problem.php得到数据，然后解出答案提交到answer.php，只不过有3秒的时间限制，手速快点还是有机会的，我手速比较慢，就写一个脚本代劳了。

这里使用的是Z3约束求解器来完成的，只需要定义好未知数（x），添加好约束条件（0<x<Stock, sum(x) == items, sum(x*pricelist(x)) == sum）即可快速解出未知数（如果有解的话），然后提交结果即可

直接上代码（每一个print都是一个学习的点啊！），

from z3 import *
import requests


def SolveProblem():
    exec(ProblemResult.text)
    problemdata = locals()
    #print(problemdata)

    items = problemdata['Items']
    sum = problemdata['Sum']
    stock = problemdata['Stock']
    level = problemdata['Level']
    problemdata.pop('Items')
    problemdata.pop('Sum')
    problemdata.pop('Stock')
    problemdata.pop('Level')
    #print(problemdata)

    s = Solver()
    key = list(problemdata.keys())
    value = [problemdata[i] for i in key]
    x = [Int('x%d' %i) for i in range(len(problemdata))]
    #print(value)
    #print(x)

    for i in range(len(x)):
        s.add(x[i] < stock)
        s.add(x[i] > 0)
	#个人感觉这里可以优化，但是没去深入研究
    if level == 1:
        s.add(x[0] + x[1] + x[2] + x[3] + x[4] + x[5] + x[6] + x[7] == items)
        s.add(value[0]*x[0] + value[1]*x[1] + value[2]*x[2] + value[3]*x[3] + value[4]*x[4] + value[5]*x[5] + value[6]*x[6] + value[7]*x[7] == sum)
    if level == 2:
        s.add(x[0] + x[1] + x[2] + x[3] + x[4] + x[5] + x[6] + x[7] + x[8] == items)
        s.add(value[0]*x[0] + value[1]*x[1] + value[2]*x[2] + value[3]*x[3] + value[4]*x[4] + value[5]*x[5] + value[6]*x[6] + value[7]*x[7] + value[8]*x[8] == sum)
    if level == 3:
        s.add(x[0] + x[1] + x[2] + x[3] + x[4] + x[5] + x[6] + x[7] + x[8] + x[9] == items)
        s.add(value[0]*x[0] + value[1]*x[1] + value[2]*x[2] + value[3]*x[3] + value[4]*x[4] + value[5]*x[5] + value[6]*x[6] + value[7]*x[7] + value[8]*x[8] + value[9]*x[9] == sum)
    if level == 4:
        s.add(x[0] + x[1] + x[2] + x[3] + x[4] + x[5] + x[6] + x[7] + x[8] + x[9] + x[10] == items)
        s.add(value[0]*x[0] + value[1]*x[1] + value[2]*x[2] + value[3]*x[3] + value[4]*x[4] + value[5]*x[5] + value[6]*x[6] + value[7]*x[7] + value[8]*x[8] + value[9]*x[9] + value[10]*x[10] == sum)
    if level == 5:
        s.add(x[0] + x[1] + x[2] + x[3] + x[4] + x[5] + x[6] + x[7] + x[8] + x[9] + x[10] + x[11] == items)
        s.add(value[0]*x[0] + value[1]*x[1] + value[2]*x[2] + value[3]*x[3] + value[4]*x[4] + value[5]*x[5] + value[6]*x[6] + value[7]*x[7] + value[8]*x[8] + value[9]*x[9] + value[10]*x[10] + value[11]*x[11] == sum)

    solution = []
    answer = ''
    if s.check() == sat:
        m = s.model()
        for i in range(len(x)):
            solution.append(m[x[i]].as_long())
            answer += str(solution[i])+key[i]
    #print(level,answer)
    return answer


ProblemUrl = 'http://www.wechall.net/challenge/training/programming/knapsaak/problem.php'
AnswerUrl = 'http://www.wechall.net/challenge/training/programming/knapsaak/answer.php'
cookie = {}#用你自己的Cookie
ProblemResult= requests.post(url=ProblemUrl,cookies=cookie)
#print(ProblemResult.text)
Answer = SolveProblem()
#print(Answer)

AnswerUrl += '?answer=['+Answer+']'
AnswerResult = requests.post(url=AnswerUrl,cookies=cookie)
print(AnswerResult.text)

只需要用自己的Cookie运行5次脚本即可解题（个人感觉还能优化，不过懒得弄了）。