matplotlib 画3维图（python）

python用matplotlib 画3维图（坐标、刻度、网格、图例设置）

直接画出的三维图坐标、网格等不太好看，总结了很多自定义的方法
首先获得数据，画出最基本的三维图

 pdf = scio.loadmat(SRC_DIR1 + 'pdf.mat')
    pdf_updating = pdf['y_l']/10
    N = np.array(pdf_updating).shape[0]
    truth_l = np.arange(0, 150, 1)
    T_l = []
    z = []
    t_l = np.ones(150)
    for i in range(1, 85):
        T_l.append(t_l*i-1)
        z.append(0)

    fig = plt.figure(figsize=(4, 3), dpi=300)
    ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

    # PDF
    for i in range(N):
        if i == 5:
            ax.plot(T_l[i], truth_l, pdf_updating[i][:150], color='b', lw=0.5, label='line1')

    x = np.linspace(84, 1, 84)
    y = np.linspace(1, 84, 84)

    x_n = []
    y_n = []
    for i in range(len(x)):
        if i % 6 == 0:
            x_n.append(x[i])
            y_n.append(y[i])
    ax.plot(y_n, x_n, 0, color='r', lw=0.5, linestyle='-', marker='x', markersize='3', markeredgewidth=0.8,
            label='line2')

这样画出来的的三维图网格和背景都是灰色的不好看通过网格设置将网格线改为黑色虚线；网格背景改为白色。并把Z轴移动到左边。

  # 设置网格线形
    ax.xaxis._axinfo["grid"].update({"linewidth": 0.3, "linestyle": '--', "color": 'k'})
    ax.yaxis._axinfo["grid"].update({"linewidth": 0.3, "linestyle": '--', "color": 'k'})
    ax.zaxis._axinfo["grid"].update({"linewidth": 0.3, "linestyle": '--', "color": 'k'})

    # 设置网格背景色
    ax.w_xaxis.set_pane_color((0, 0, 0, 0))
    ax.w_yaxis.set_pane_color((0, 0, 0, 0))
    ax.w_zaxis.set_pane_color((0, 0, 0, 0))
    
    # 更改z轴位置
    ax.zaxis._axinfo['juggled'] = (1, 2, 7)

设置坐标轴线宽

   # 设置坐标轴线宽
    ax.w_xaxis.line.set_lw(0.6)
    ax.w_yaxis.line.set_lw(0.6)
    ax.w_zaxis.line.set_lw(0.6)

刻度相关设置

    # 刻度设置
    ax.tick_params(axis='z', labelsize=5, pad=-3, direction='in')
    ax.tick_params(axis='x', labelsize=5, pad=-5, direction='in')
    ax.tick_params(axis='y', labelsize=5, pad=-5, direction='in')

    ax.xaxis._axinfo['tick']['outward_factor'] = 0
    ax.xaxis._axinfo['tick']['inward_factor'] = 0.4
    ax.yaxis._axinfo['tick']['outward_factor'] = 0
    ax.yaxis._axinfo['tick']['inward_factor'] = 0.4
    ax.zaxis._axinfo['tick']['outward_factor'] = 0.4
    ax.zaxis._axinfo['tick']['inward_factor'] = 0.0
    
    # 刻度间隔
    x0 = MultipleLocator(20)  # x轴每10一个刻度
    y0 = MultipleLocator(30)
    z0 = MultipleLocator(0.005)
    ax.xaxis.set_major_locator(x0)
    ax.yaxis.set_major_locator(y0)
    ax.zaxis.set_major_locator(z0)

设置一下坐标轴的显示范围，再给图添加个框线

    # 坐标轴范围
    ax.set_xlim([84, 0]) # 调换了x轴的大小
    ax.set_ylim([0.0, 150])
     # 添加框线
    add_borders(ax, edgecolor=(0, 0, 0, 1), linewidth=0.3)  # 添加边框

def add_borders(ax, edgecolor=(0, 0, 0, 1), linewidth=0.57, scale=1.021):
    xlims = ax.get_xlim3d()
    xoffset = (xlims[1] - xlims[0]) * scale
    xlims = np.array([xlims[1] - xoffset, xlims[0] + xoffset])
    ylims = ax.get_ylim3d()
    yoffset = (ylims[1] - ylims[0]) * scale
    ylims = np.array([ylims[1] - yoffset, ylims[0] + yoffset])
    zlims = ax.get_zlim3d()
    zoffset = (zlims[1] - zlims[0]) * scale
    zlims = np.array([zlims[1] - zoffset, zlims[0] + zoffset])
    verts1 = np.array([[xlims[0], ylims[1], zlims[1]],
                       [xlims[0], ylims[0], zlims[1]]])
    verts2 = np.array([[xlims[0], ylims[1], zlims[1]],
                       [xlims[1], ylims[1], zlims[1]]])
    verts3 = np.array([[xlims[1], ylims[1], zlims[0]],
                       [xlims[1], ylims[1], zlims[1]]])
    p = art3d.Line3DCollection([verts1,  verts2,  verts3], colors=edgecolor, linewidths=linewidth, linestyles='--')
    ax.add_collection3d(p)
    return True

给坐标轴命名

    # 坐标轴名称
    font = {'size': 5, 'family': 'SimHei', 'weight': 'normal'}
    ax.set_xlabel('x', labelpad=-10, fontdict=font, rotation=-25,)
    ax.set_ylabel('y', labelpad=-10, rotation=30, fontdict=font)
    ax.set_zlabel('z', labelpad=-10, rotation=90, fontdict=font)

转换一下视场，添加图例

# 转换视角
    ax.view_init(22, -45)
    # 添加图例
    plt.legend(prop=legend_font, bbox_to_anchor=(0.85, 0.75), frameon=False)
    plt.show()