BIO:同步并阻塞,一般运用到连接数目少,固定的架构。这种方式对服务其资源要求比较高。
NIO:同步非阻塞,一般运用到连接数目多,数据比较短的架构。一般用在聊天室。
AIO:异步非阻塞,一般运用到连接数目多,数据比较长的架构。比如相册服务器,充分调用OS参与并发操作。
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BIO:同步并阻塞
客户端:
socket
1.Socket对象请求与服务的连接
2.从Socket管道中获取输入、输出流读写数据
服务端:
Socket
1.通过ServerSocket注册端口
2.服务端通过调用accept方法用于监听客户端的Socket请求
3从Socket中获取字节输入或者输出流进行数据的读写操作
服务端
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
/**
* 服务端接受消息
*/
public class Server {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.定义一个ServerSocket对象进行服务端的端口注册
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
//2.监听客户端的连接请求
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.从socket管道中得到字节输入流对象
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
//4.把字节输入流转成字符输入流,然后包装成一个缓冲字符输入流
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
String msg;
while ((msg = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println("服务端接收到:" + msg);
}
}
}
客户端
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.net.Socket;
/**
* 客户端发送消息
*/
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.创建一个socket对象请求服务端的链接
Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 9999);
//2.从socket对象中获取一个字节输出流
OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.把字节输出流包装成一个打印流
PrintStream printStream = new PrintStream(outputStream);
//4.把数据打印出去
printStream.print("hellp world!服务端,你好!");
printStream.close();
}
}
服务端持续接受消息
package com.example2;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
/**
* 服务端持续接受消息
*/
public class Server {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.定义一个ServerSocket对象及逆行服务端的端口注册
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
//2.监听客户端的socket连接请求
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.从socket管道中得到一个字节输入流
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
//4.把字节输入流转为为字符输入流,然后包装成缓存字符流
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
String msg;
while ((msg = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println("服务端接受到:" + msg);
}
}
}
客户端持续发送消息
package com.example2;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.Scanner;
/**
* 客户端持续发送消息
*/
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1。创建socket对象请求服务端的链接
Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 9999);
//2.从socket对象中获取一个字节输出流
OutputStream outputStream = socket.getOutputStream();
//3.把输出字节流包装成打印流
PrintStream printStream = new PrintStream(outputStream);
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
while (true){
System.out.println("请说:");
String msg = scanner.nextLine();
printStream.println(msg);
printStream.flush();
}
}
}
服务端实现接收多客户端消息
package com.example3;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
/**
* 服务端可以同时接收多个客户端的socket通信请求
* 当服务端接收到客户端的socket请求对象时,都交给一个独立的线程来处理客户端的数据交互请求
*/
public class Server {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1。注册端口
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
//2.定义一个死循环,负责不断接受客户端的socket链接请求
while (true){
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3.创建一个独立的线程来处理与这个客户端的socket通信需求
new ServerThreadReader(socket).start();
}
}
}
服务端多线程类
package com.example3;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.Socket;
public class ServerThreadReader extends Thread {
private Socket socket;
public ServerThreadReader(Socket socket) {
this.socket = socket;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
//1.从socket对象中得到一个字节输入流
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
//2.把字节输入流转为字符输入流,然后包装成缓存字符流
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
String msg;
while ((msg = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println("接受到客户端消息:" + msg);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
多个客户端给服务端发送消息
package com.example3;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.Scanner;
/**
* 客户端发送消息
*/
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1。请求与服务端的socket对象链接
Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1",9999);
//2.得到打印流
PrintStream printStream = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
//3.使用循环不断的发送小徐给服务端接收
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
while (true){
System.out.println("请说:");
String msg = scanner.nextLine();
printStream.println(msg);
printStream.flush();
}
}
}
1.每个socket接收到,都会创建一个线程,线程的竞争、切换上下文影响性能
2.每个线程都会占用空间和CPU资源
3.并不是每个socket都进行IO操作,无意义的线程处理
4.客户端的并发访问增加时,服务端将呈现1:1的线程开销,访问量越大,系统就越可能崩溃死机
伪异步服务端
package com.example4;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
/**
* 开发伪异步通信框架
*/
public class Server {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1.注册端口
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
//2.初始化一个线程池对象
HandlerSocketServerPool handlerSocketServerPool = new HandlerSocketServerPool(6, 10);
//3.定义一个循环接收客户端socket连接请求
while (true) {
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
//4.把socket包装成任务
Runnable target = new ServerRunnableTarget(socket);
//5.把target任务对象交给一个线程池进行处理
handlerSocketServerPool.execute(target);
}
}
}
服务端线程池
package com.example4;
import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class HandlerSocketServerPool {
//1.创建1个线程池的成员变量。用于存储一个线程池对象
private ExecutorService executorService;
//2创建这个类的对象的时候就需要初始化线程池对象
public HandlerSocketServerPool(int maxThreadNum, int queueSize) {
executorService = new ThreadPoolExecutor(3, maxThreadNum, 120, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(queueSize));
}
//3.提供一个方法来提交任务给线程池的任务队列来暂存,等着线程池来处理
public void execute(Runnable target){
executorService.execute(target);
}
}
伪异步线程任务runnable
package com.example4;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.Socket;
public class ServerRunnableTarget implements Runnable{
private Socket socket;
public ServerRunnableTarget(Socket socket){
this.socket = socket;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
//1.从管道中得到1个字节流
InputStream inputStream = socket.getInputStream();
//2.把字节流包装成缓冲字符流
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
String msg;
while ((msg = bufferedReader.readLine())!=null){
System.out.println("接收到客户端信息:"+msg);
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
客户端
package com.example4;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.Scanner;
/**
* 客户端发送消息
*/
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
//1。请求与服务端的socket对象链接
Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1",9999);
//2.得到打印流
PrintStream printStream = new PrintStream(socket.getOutputStream());
//3.使用循环不断的发送小徐给服务端接收
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
while (true){
System.out.println("请说:");
String msg = scanner.nextLine();
printStream.println(msg);
printStream.flush();
}
}
}
1.伪异步io采用了线程池实现,因此避免了为每个请求创建一个独立线程造成线程资源耗尽问题
2.由于底层依然使用同步并阻塞模型,因此无法从根本上解决问题
3.如果单个消息处理的缓慢,或者服务器线程池中的全部线程都被阻塞,那么后续socket的io消息都在队列排队。
新的socket请求将被拒绝,客户端会发生大量连接超时。