1.有趣的重载
操作符<<的原生意义是按位左移,例:1<<2;
其意义是将整数1按位左移2位,即:0000 0001 -> 0000 0100
重载左移操作符,将变量或常量左移到一个对象中!
2.重载左移操作符
32.1.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
const char endl = '\n';
class Console
{
public:
Console& operator << (int a)
{
printf("%d", a);
return *this;
}
Console& operator << (char c)
{
printf("%c", c);
return *this;
}
Console& operator << (const char *s)
{
printf("%s", s);
return *this;
}
Console& operator << (double d)
{
printf("%f", d);
return *this;
}
};
int main()
{
Console cout;
cout << 1 << endl;//forth
cout << "D.T.Software" << endl;
double a = 0.1;
double b = 0.2;
cout << a + b << endl;
return 0;
}
结果:
1
D.T.Software
0.300000
4.C++标准库
5.C++标准库的C库兼容
32-2.cpp
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
printf("Hello world!\n");
char* p = (char*)malloc(16);
strcpy(p, "D.T.Software");
double a = 3;
double b = 4;
double c = sqrt(a * a + b * b);
printf("c = %f\n", c);
free(p);
return 0;
}
5.C++中的输入与输出
32-3.cpp
#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout << "Hello world!" << endl; //引子,之后的输入输出都基于标准库
double a = 0;
double b = 0;
cout << "Input a: ";
cin >> a;
cout << "Input b: ";
cin >> b;
double c = sqrt(a * a + b * b);
cout << "c = " << c << endl;
return 0;
}
6.小结
- C++标准库是由类库和函数库组成的集合
- C++标准库包含经典算法和数据结构的实现
- C++标准库涵盖了C库的功能
- C++标准库位于std命名空间中