字段：
private const int _defaultCapacity = 4; //默认容量
private T[] _items; //内部数组
[ContractPublicPropertyName("Count")]
private int _size; //存储的元素数量
private int _version; //版本号，每次对List进行操作都会自增，但在ForEach函数中会对此字段进行判断，如果不一致则终止操作
[NonSerialized]
private Object _syncRoot; //与Lock锁相关（不太熟悉这块）
static readonly T[] _emptyArray = new T[0]; // 默认数组属性：
//数量
// Read-only property describing how many elements are in the List.
public int Count {
get {
Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<int>() >= 0);
return _size;
}
}
//是否固定大小
bool System.Collections.IList.IsFixedSize {
get { return false; }
}
//是否只读
// Is this List read-only?
bool ICollection<T>.IsReadOnly {
#if !FEATURE_CORECLR
[TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline across NGen image boundaries")]
#endif
get { return false; }
}
//是否只读
bool System.Collections.IList.IsReadOnly {
#if !FEATURE_CORECLR
[TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline across NGen image boundaries")]
#endif
get { return false; }
}
//线程安全？
// Is this List synchronized (thread-safe)?
bool System.Collections.ICollection.IsSynchronized {
get { return false; }
}
//Lock锁相关
// Synchronization root for this object.
Object System.Collections.ICollection.SyncRoot {
get {
if( _syncRoot == null) {
System.Threading.Interlocked.CompareExchange<Object>(ref _syncRoot, new Object(), null);
}
return _syncRoot;
}
}构造函数：
// Constructs a List. The list is initially empty and has a capacity
// of zero. Upon adding the first element to the list the capacity is
// increased to 16, and then increased in multiples of two as required.
#if !FEATURE_CORECLR
[TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline across NGen image boundaries")]
#endif
public List() {
_items = _emptyArray;
}
// Constructs a List with a given initial capacity. The list is
// initially empty, but will have room for the given number of elements
// before any reallocations are required.
//
#if !FEATURE_CORECLR
[TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline across NGen image boundaries")]
#endif
public List(int capacity) {
if (capacity < 0) ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(ExceptionArgument.capacity, ExceptionResource.ArgumentOutOfRange_NeedNonNegNum);
Contract.EndContractBlock();
if (capacity == 0)
_items = _emptyArray;
else
_items = new T[capacity];
}
// Constructs a List, copying the contents of the given collection. The
// size and capacity of the new list will both be equal to the size of the
// given collection.
//
public List(IEnumerable<T> collection) {
if (collection==null)
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentNullException(ExceptionArgument.collection);
Contract.EndContractBlock();
ICollection<T> c = collection as ICollection<T>;
if( c != null) {
int count = c.Count;
if (count == 0)
{
_items = _emptyArray;
}
else {
_items = new T[count];
c.CopyTo(_items, 0);
_size = count;
}
}
else {
_size = 0;
_items = _emptyArray;
// This enumerable could be empty. Let Add allocate a new array, if needed.
// Note it will also go to _defaultCapacity first, not 1, then 2, etc.
using(IEnumerator<T> en = collection.GetEnumerator()) {
while(en.MoveNext()) {
Add(en.Current);
}
}
}
}可以看到List有三个构造函数，如果大致知道存放的元素数量的话在构造的时候指定一下容量比较好。
索引器：
// Sets or Gets the element at the given index.
//
public T this[int index] {
#if !FEATURE_CORECLR
[TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline across NGen image boundaries")]
#endif
get {
//超出储存的元素数量
// Following trick can reduce the range check by one
if ((uint) index >= (uint)_size) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException();
}
Contract.EndContractBlock();
return _items[index];
}
#if !FEATURE_CORECLR
[TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline across NGen image boundaries")]
#endif
set {
//超出储存的元素数量，List是有顺序的，不允许跳跃存储
if ((uint) index >= (uint)_size) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException();
}
Contract.EndContractBlock();
_items[index] = value;
_version++;
}
}Add相关函数：
// Adds the given object to the end of this list. The size of the list is
// increased by one. If required, the capacity of the list is doubled
// before adding the new element.
//
public void Add(T item) {
//检查数组是否已满，若满则扩容
if (_size == _items.Length) EnsureCapacity(_size + 1);
_items[_size++] = item;
_version++;
}
// Adds the elements of the given collection to the end of this list. If
// required, the capacity of the list is increased to twice the previous
// capacity or the new size, whichever is larger.
//
public void AddRange(IEnumerable<T> collection) {
Contract.Ensures(Count >= Contract.OldValue(Count));
//调用InsertRange函数
InsertRange(_size, collection);
}容量相关函数：
// Gets and sets the capacity of this list. The capacity is the size of
// the internal array used to hold items. When set, the internal
// array of the list is reallocated to the given capacity.
//
public int Capacity {
#if !FEATURE_CORECLR
[TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline across NGen image boundaries")]
#endif
get {
Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<int>() >= 0);
return _items.Length;
}
set {
//若设置的容量小于当前数量
if (value < _size) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(ExceptionArgument.value, ExceptionResource.ArgumentOutOfRange_SmallCapacity);
}
Contract.EndContractBlock();
//设置的容量不等于内部数组大小时才扩容
if (value != _items.Length) {
//设置的容量只能大于等于存储的元素数量且不能等于内部数组的大小，其取值范围为[_size,_items.Length)和(_items.Length,∞]
//_size的取值范围[0,_items.Length]
//所以设置的容量最小为0，如果为0，直接把内部数组指向默认空数组
if (value > 0) {
T[] newItems = new T[value];
if (_size > 0) {
Array.Copy(_items, 0, newItems, 0, _size);
}
_items = newItems;
}
else {
_items = _emptyArray;
}
}
}
}
// Ensures that the capacity of this list is at least the given minimum
// value. If the currect capacity of the list is less than min, the
// capacity is increased to twice the current capacity or to min,
// whichever is larger.
private void EnsureCapacity(int min) {
if (_items.Length < min) {
//除第一次扩容外，其他扩容时会扩容为原来的2倍
int newCapacity = _items.Length == 0? _defaultCapacity : _items.Length * 2;
// Allow the list to grow to maximum possible capacity (~2G elements) before encountering overflow.
// Note that this check works even when _items.Length overflowed thanks to the (uint) cast
//可以看到List的大小是有极限的
if ((uint)newCapacity > Array.MaxArrayLength) newCapacity = Array.MaxArrayLength;
//判断计算出的容量是否使用
if (newCapacity < min) newCapacity = min;
Capacity = newCapacity;
}
}
// Sets the capacity of this list to the size of the list. This method can
// be used to minimize a list's memory overhead once it is known that no
// new elements will be added to the list. To completely clear a list and
// release all memory referenced by the list, execute the following
// statements:
//
// list.Clear();
// list.TrimExcess();
//
public void TrimExcess() {
//压缩容量时时按照0.9算的
int threshold = (int)(((double)_items.Length) * 0.9);
if( _size < threshold ) {
Capacity = _size;
}
} EnsureCapacity函数中最后判断了newCapactity是否小于min的原因：如果是首次扩容，容量为4，而这个函数是私有的，查找引用有三处调用（Add、Insert、InsertRange），其中InsertRange传递的参数为_size + count,此时newCapactiy就不适用了。
Contains函数：
// Contains returns true if the specified element is in the List.
// It does a linear, O(n) search. Equality is determined by calling
// item.Equals().
//
public bool Contains(T item) {
if ((Object) item == null) {
for(int i=0; i<_size; i++)
if ((Object) _items[i] == null)
return true;
return false;
}
else {
EqualityComparer<T> c = EqualityComparer<T>.Default;
for(int i=0; i<_size; i++) {
if (c.Equals(_items[i], item)) return true;
}
return false;
}
}这里对空值进行了判断，说明List可以存入null。
CopyTo函数：
// Copies this List into array, which must be of a
// compatible array type.
//
#if !FEATURE_CORECLR
[TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline across NGen image boundaries")]
#endif
public void CopyTo(T[] array) {
CopyTo(array, 0);
}
// Copies this List into array, which must be of a
// compatible array type.
//
#if !FEATURE_CORECLR
[TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline across NGen image boundaries")]
#endif
void System.Collections.ICollection.CopyTo(Array array, int arrayIndex) {
if ((array != null) && (array.Rank != 1)) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentException(ExceptionResource.Arg_RankMultiDimNotSupported);
}
Contract.EndContractBlock();
try {
// Array.Copy will check for NULL.
Array.Copy(_items, 0, array, arrayIndex, _size);
}
catch(ArrayTypeMismatchException){
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentException(ExceptionResource.Argument_InvalidArrayType);
}
}
// Copies a section of this list to the given array at the given index.
//
// The method uses the Array.Copy method to copy the elements.
//
public void CopyTo(int index, T[] array, int arrayIndex, int count) {
if (_size - index < count) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentException(ExceptionResource.Argument_InvalidOffLen);
}
Contract.EndContractBlock();
// Delegate rest of error checking to Array.Copy.
Array.Copy(_items, index, array, arrayIndex, count);
}
public void CopyTo(T[] array, int arrayIndex) {
//本质上调用了Array.Copy
// Delegate rest of error checking to Array.Copy.
Array.Copy(_items, 0, array, arrayIndex, _size);
}本质上是调用了Array.Copy函数；关于Array.Copy函数的实现：
// Reliability-wise, this method will either possibly corrupt your
// instance & might fail when called from within a CER, or if the
// reliable flag is true, it will either always succeed or always
// throw an exception with no side effects.
[System.Security.SecurityCritical] // auto-generated
[ReliabilityContract(Consistency.MayCorruptInstance, Cer.MayFail)]
[ResourceExposure(ResourceScope.None)]
[MethodImplAttribute(MethodImplOptions.InternalCall)]
internal static extern void Copy(Array sourceArray, int sourceIndex, Array destinationArray, int destinationIndex, int length, bool reliable);extern:声明在外部实现的方法,好吧我也找不到……
Find相关函数：
#if FEATURE_LIST_PREDICATES || FEATURE_NETCORE
public bool Exists(Predicate<T> match) {
//调用FindIndex函数
return FindIndex(match) != -1;
}
public T Find(Predicate<T> match) {
if( match == null) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentNullException(ExceptionArgument.match);
}
Contract.EndContractBlock();
//普通for循环
for(int i = 0 ; i < _size; i++) {
if(match(_items[i])) {
return _items[i];
}
}
return default(T);
}
public List<T> FindAll(Predicate<T> match) {
if( match == null) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentNullException(ExceptionArgument.match);
}
Contract.EndContractBlock();
//for循环依次遍历，符合条件就添加
List<T> list = new List<T>();
for(int i = 0 ; i < _size; i++) {
if(match(_items[i])) {
list.Add(_items[i]);
}
}
return list;
}
public int FindIndex(Predicate<T> match) {
Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<int>() >= -1);
Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<int>() < Count);
return FindIndex(0, _size, match);
}
public int FindIndex(int startIndex, Predicate<T> match) {
Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<int>() >= -1);
Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<int>() < startIndex + Count);
return FindIndex(startIndex, _size - startIndex, match);
}
public int FindIndex(int startIndex, int count, Predicate<T> match) {
if( (uint)startIndex > (uint)_size ) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(ExceptionArgument.startIndex, ExceptionResource.ArgumentOutOfRange_Index);
}
if (count < 0 || startIndex > _size - count) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(ExceptionArgument.count, ExceptionResource.ArgumentOutOfRange_Count);
}
if( match == null) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentNullException(ExceptionArgument.match);
}
Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<int>() >= -1);
Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<int>() < startIndex + count);
Contract.EndContractBlock();
int endIndex = startIndex + count;
for( int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
if( match(_items[i])) return i;
}
return -1;
}
public T FindLast(Predicate<T> match) {
if( match == null) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentNullException(ExceptionArgument.match);
}
Contract.EndContractBlock();
//for循环（从后向前）
for(int i = _size - 1 ; i >= 0; i--) {
if(match(_items[i])) {
return _items[i];
}
}
return default(T);
}
public int FindLastIndex(Predicate<T> match) {
Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<int>() >= -1);
Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<int>() < Count);
return FindLastIndex(_size - 1, _size, match);
}
public int FindLastIndex(int startIndex, Predicate<T> match) {
Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<int>() >= -1);
Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<int>() <= startIndex);
return FindLastIndex(startIndex, startIndex + 1, match);
}
public int FindLastIndex(int startIndex, int count, Predicate<T> match) {
if( match == null) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentNullException(ExceptionArgument.match);
}
Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<int>() >= -1);
Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<int>() <= startIndex);
Contract.EndContractBlock();
if(_size == 0) {
// Special case for 0 length List
if( startIndex != -1) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(ExceptionArgument.startIndex, ExceptionResource.ArgumentOutOfRange_Index);
}
}
else {
// Make sure we're not out of range
if ( (uint)startIndex >= (uint)_size) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(ExceptionArgument.startIndex, ExceptionResource.ArgumentOutOfRange_Index);
}
}
// 2nd have of this also catches when startIndex == MAXINT, so MAXINT - 0 + 1 == -1, which is < 0.
if (count < 0 || startIndex - count + 1 < 0) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(ExceptionArgument.count, ExceptionResource.ArgumentOutOfRange_Count);
}
int endIndex = startIndex - count;
for( int i = startIndex; i > endIndex; i--) {
if( match(_items[i])) {
return i;
}
}
return -1;
}
#endif // FEATURE_LIST_PREDICATES || FEATURE_NETCOREExists函数是调用了FindIndex函数；FindInde函数和FindLast函数就是for循环遍历而已，当参数有startIndex和count时，基本都会进行三次越界检查，但不绝对：startInde < 0 || startIndex > _size;count < 0;startIndex + count >_size。
ForEach函数：
public void ForEach(Action<T> action) {
if( action == null) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentNullException(ExceptionArgument.match);
}
Contract.EndContractBlock();
int version = _version;
//for循环中_version改变则中止操作
for (int i = 0 ; i < _size; i++) {
if (version != _version && BinaryCompatibility.TargetsAtLeast_Desktop_V4_5) {
break;
}
action(_items[i]);
}
if (version != _version && BinaryCompatibility.TargetsAtLeast_Desktop_V4_5)
ThrowHelper.ThrowInvalidOperationException(ExceptionResource.InvalidOperation_EnumFailedVersion);
}就是foreach中不能add、remove的原因。
IndexOf相关函数：
// Returns the index of the first occurrence of a given value in a range of
// this list. The list is searched forwards, starting at index
// index and ending at count number of elements. The
// elements of the list are compared to the given value using the
// Object.Equals method.
//
// This method uses the Array.IndexOf method to perform the
// search.
//
public int IndexOf(T item, int index) {
if (index > _size)
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(ExceptionArgument.index, ExceptionResource.ArgumentOutOfRange_Index);
Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<int>() >= -1);
Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<int>() < Count);
Contract.EndContractBlock();
//调用Array.IndexOf
return Array.IndexOf(_items, item, index, _size - index);
}
// Returns the index of the first occurrence of a given value in a range of
// this list. The list is searched forwards, starting at index
// index and upto count number of elements. The
// elements of the list are compared to the given value using the
// Object.Equals method.
//
// This method uses the Array.IndexOf method to perform the
// search.
//
public int IndexOf(T item, int index, int count) {
if (index > _size)
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(ExceptionArgument.index, ExceptionResource.ArgumentOutOfRange_Index);
if (count <0 || index > _size - count) ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(ExceptionArgument.count, ExceptionResource.ArgumentOutOfRange_Count);
Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<int>() >= -1);
Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<int>() < Count);
Contract.EndContractBlock();
return Array.IndexOf(_items, item, index, count);
}
// Returns the index of the last occurrence of a given value in a range of
// this list. The list is searched backwards, starting at the end
// and ending at the first element in the list. The elements of the list
// are compared to the given value using the Object.Equals method.
//
// This method uses the Array.LastIndexOf method to perform the
// search.
//
public int LastIndexOf(T item)
{
Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<int>() >= -1);
Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<int>() < Count);
if (_size == 0) { // Special case for empty list
return -1;
}
else {
return LastIndexOf(item, _size - 1, _size);
}
}
// Returns the index of the last occurrence of a given value in a range of
// this list. The list is searched backwards, starting at index
// index and ending at the first element in the list. The
// elements of the list are compared to the given value using the
// Object.Equals method.
//
// This method uses the Array.LastIndexOf method to perform the
// search.
//
public int LastIndexOf(T item, int index)
{
if (index >= _size)
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(ExceptionArgument.index, ExceptionResource.ArgumentOutOfRange_Index);
Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<int>() >= -1);
Contract.Ensures(((Count == 0) && (Contract.Result<int>() == -1)) || ((Count > 0) && (Contract.Result<int>() <= index)));
Contract.EndContractBlock();
return LastIndexOf(item, index, index + 1);
}
// Returns the index of the last occurrence of a given value in a range of
// this list. The list is searched backwards, starting at index
// index and upto count elements. The elements of
// the list are compared to the given value using the Object.Equals
// method.
//
// This method uses the Array.LastIndexOf method to perform the
// search.
//
public int LastIndexOf(T item, int index, int count) {
if ((Count != 0) && (index < 0)) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(ExceptionArgument.index, ExceptionResource.ArgumentOutOfRange_NeedNonNegNum);
}
if ((Count !=0) && (count < 0)) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(ExceptionArgument.count, ExceptionResource.ArgumentOutOfRange_NeedNonNegNum);
}
Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<int>() >= -1);
Contract.Ensures(((Count == 0) && (Contract.Result<int>() == -1)) || ((Count > 0) && (Contract.Result<int>() <= index)));
Contract.EndContractBlock();
if (_size == 0) { // Special case for empty list
return -1;
}
if (index >= _size) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(ExceptionArgument.index, ExceptionResource.ArgumentOutOfRange_BiggerThanCollection);
}
if (count > index + 1) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(ExceptionArgument.count, ExceptionResource.ArgumentOutOfRange_BiggerThanCollection);
}
//调用Array.LatIndexof
return Array.LastIndexOf(_items, item, index, count);
}Indexof函数最终调用了Array.Indexof,Array.IndexOf又调用了qualityComparer<T>.Default.IndexOf，EqualityComparer<T>.Default.IndexOf函数的实现是一个for循环，实现如下：
internal virtual int IndexOf(T[] array, T value, int startIndex, int count) {
int endIndex = startIndex + count;
for (int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
if (Equals(array[i], value)) return i;
}
return -1;
}LastIndexOf函数和IndexOf函数一样，最终调用了EqualityComparer<T>.Default.LastIndexOf,其函数实现如下：
internal virtual int LastIndexOf(T[] array, T value, int startIndex, int count) {
int endIndex = startIndex - count + 1;
for (int i = startIndex; i >= endIndex; i--) {
if (Equals(array[i], value)) return i;
}
return -1;
}Insert相关函数：
// Inserts an element into this list at a given index. The size of the list
// is increased by one. If required, the capacity of the list is doubled
// before inserting the new element.
//
public void Insert(int index, T item) {
//感觉判断 index > _size || _size < 0 更严谨一点
// Note that insertions at the end are legal.
if ((uint) index > (uint)_size) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(ExceptionArgument.index, ExceptionResource.ArgumentOutOfRange_ListInsert);
}
Contract.EndContractBlock();
//检查数组是否已满
if (_size == _items.Length) EnsureCapacity(_size + 1);
//调用Array.Copy
if (index < _size) {
Array.Copy(_items, index, _items, index + 1, _size - index);
}
_items[index] = item;
_size++;
_version++;
}
void System.Collections.IList.Insert(int index, Object item)
{
ThrowHelper.IfNullAndNullsAreIllegalThenThrow<T>(item, ExceptionArgument.item);
try {
Insert(index, (T) item);
}
catch (InvalidCastException) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowWrongValueTypeArgumentException(item, typeof(T));
}
}
// Inserts the elements of the given collection at a given index. If
// required, the capacity of the list is increased to twice the previous
// capacity or the new size, whichever is larger. Ranges may be added
// to the end of the list by setting index to the List's size.
//
public void InsertRange(int index, IEnumerable<T> collection) {
if (collection==null) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentNullException(ExceptionArgument.collection);
}
if ((uint)index > (uint)_size) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(ExceptionArgument.index, ExceptionResource.ArgumentOutOfRange_Index);
}
Contract.EndContractBlock();
ICollection<T> c = collection as ICollection<T>;
if( c != null ) { // if collection is ICollection<T>
int count = c.Count;
if (count > 0) {
EnsureCapacity(_size + count);
if (index < _size) {
Array.Copy(_items, index, _items, index + count, _size - index);
}
// If we're inserting a List into itself, we want to be able to deal with that.
if (this == c) {
// Copy first part of _items to insert location
Array.Copy(_items, 0, _items, index, index);
// Copy last part of _items back to inserted location
Array.Copy(_items, index+count, _items, index*2, _size-index);
}
else {
T[] itemsToInsert = new T[count];
c.CopyTo(itemsToInsert, 0);
itemsToInsert.CopyTo(_items, index);
}
_size += count;
}
}
else {
using(IEnumerator<T> en = collection.GetEnumerator()) {
while(en.MoveNext()) {
Insert(index++, en.Current);
}
}
}
_version++;
}最终调用Array.Copy函数，Array这个类用的是真多啊……
Remove相关函数：
// Removes the element at the given index. The size of the list is
// decreased by one.
//
#if !FEATURE_CORECLR
[TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline across NGen image boundaries")]
#endif
//这里可以Remove函数的实现也是调用了RemoveAt函数，如果知道索引，尽量使用RemoveAt函数
public bool Remove(T item) {
int index = IndexOf(item);
if (index >= 0) {
RemoveAt(index);
return true;
}
return false;
}
void System.Collections.IList.Remove(Object item)
{
if(IsCompatibleObject(item)) {
Remove((T) item);
}
}
// This method removes all items which matches the predicate.
// The complexity is O(n).
public int RemoveAll(Predicate<T> match) {
if( match == null) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentNullException(ExceptionArgument.match);
}
Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<int>() >= 0);
Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<int>() <= Contract.OldValue(Count));
Contract.EndContractBlock();
int freeIndex = 0; // the first free slot in items array
//找到第一个符合条件的元素
// Find the first item which needs to be removed.
while( freeIndex < _size && !match(_items[freeIndex])) freeIndex++;
if( freeIndex >= _size) return 0;
int current = freeIndex + 1;
while( current < _size) {
//找到不符合条件的元素
// Find the first item which needs to be kept.
while( current < _size && match(_items[current])) current++;
if( current < _size) {
//将不符合条件的元素上调至符合条件元素的位置，同时将符合条件的索引下标下调，直至遍历所有元素
// copy item to the free slot.
_items[freeIndex++] = _items[current++];
}
}
//遍历结束，所有符合条件的都在内部数组的尾部
Array.Clear(_items, freeIndex, _size - freeIndex);
int result = _size - freeIndex;
_size = freeIndex;
_version++;
return result;
}
// Removes the element at the given index. The size of the list is
// decreased by one.
//
public void RemoveAt(int index) {
if ((uint)index >= (uint)_size) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException();
}
Contract.EndContractBlock();
_size--;
if (index < _size) {
Array.Copy(_items, index + 1, _items, index, _size - index);
}
_items[_size] = default(T);
_version++;
}
// Removes a range of elements from this list.
//
public void RemoveRange(int index, int count) {
if (index < 0) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(ExceptionArgument.index, ExceptionResource.ArgumentOutOfRange_NeedNonNegNum);
}
if (count < 0) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(ExceptionArgument.count, ExceptionResource.ArgumentOutOfRange_NeedNonNegNum);
}
if (_size - index < count)
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentException(ExceptionResource.Argument_InvalidOffLen);
Contract.EndContractBlock();
if (count > 0) {
int i = _size;
_size -= count;
if (index < _size) {
//将范围后的元素上调至前边
Array.Copy(_items, index + count, _items, index, _size - index);
}
Array.Clear(_items, _size, count);
_version++;
}
}基本是通过Array.Copy调整内部元素的位置。
反转函数：
// Reverses the elements in this list.
public void Reverse() {
Reverse(0, Count);
}
// Reverses the elements in a range of this list. Following a call to this
// method, an element in the range given by index and count
// which was previously located at index i will now be located at
// index index + (index + count - i - 1).
//
// This method uses the Array.Reverse method to reverse the
// elements.
//
public void Reverse(int index, int count) {
if (index < 0) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(ExceptionArgument.index, ExceptionResource.ArgumentOutOfRange_NeedNonNegNum);
}
if (count < 0) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(ExceptionArgument.count, ExceptionResource.ArgumentOutOfRange_NeedNonNegNum);
}
if (_size - index < count)
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentException(ExceptionResource.Argument_InvalidOffLen);
Contract.EndContractBlock();
Array.Reverse(_items, index, count);
_version++;
}调用Array.Reverse函数，其函数实现如下：
// Reverses the elements in a range of an array. Following a call to this
// method, an element in the range given by index and count
// which was previously located at index i will now be located at
// index index + (index + count - i - 1).
// Reliability note: This may fail because it may have to box objects.
//
[System.Security.SecuritySafeCritical] // auto-generated
[ReliabilityContract(Consistency.MayCorruptInstance, Cer.MayFail)]
public static void Reverse(Array array, int index, int length) {
if (array==null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("array");
if (index < array.GetLowerBound(0) || length < 0)
throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException((index<0 ? "index" : "length"), Environment.GetResourceString("ArgumentOutOfRange_NeedNonNegNum"));
if (array.Length - (index - array.GetLowerBound(0)) < length)
throw new ArgumentException(Environment.GetResourceString("Argument_InvalidOffLen"));
if (array.Rank != 1)
throw new RankException(Environment.GetResourceString("Rank_MultiDimNotSupported"));
Contract.EndContractBlock();
bool r = TrySZReverse(array, index, length);
if (r)
return;
int i = index;
//注意length时反转的元素数量
int j = index + length - 1;
Object[] objArray = array as Object[];
if (objArray!=null) {
while (i < j) {
Object temp = objArray[i];
objArray[i] = objArray[j];
objArray[j] = temp;
i++;
j--;
}
}
else {
while (i < j) {
Object temp = array.GetValue(i);
array.SetValue(array.GetValue(j), i);
array.SetValue(temp, j);
i++;
j--;
}
}
}Sort相关函数：
// Sorts the elements in this list. Uses the default comparer and
// Array.Sort.
public void Sort()
{
Sort(0, Count, null);
}
// Sorts the elements in this list. Uses Array.Sort with the
// provided comparer.
public void Sort(IComparer<T> comparer)
{
Sort(0, Count, comparer);
}
// Sorts the elements in a section of this list. The sort compares the
// elements to each other using the given IComparer interface. If
// comparer is null, the elements are compared to each other using
// the IComparable interface, which in that case must be implemented by all
// elements of the list.
//
// This method uses the Array.Sort method to sort the elements.
//
public void Sort(int index, int count, IComparer<T> comparer) {
if (index < 0) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(ExceptionArgument.index, ExceptionResource.ArgumentOutOfRange_NeedNonNegNum);
}
if (count < 0) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentOutOfRangeException(ExceptionArgument.count, ExceptionResource.ArgumentOutOfRange_NeedNonNegNum);
}
if (_size - index < count)
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentException(ExceptionResource.Argument_InvalidOffLen);
Contract.EndContractBlock();
Array.Sort<T>(_items, index, count, comparer);
_version++;
}
public void Sort(Comparison<T> comparison) {
if( comparison == null) {
ThrowHelper.ThrowArgumentNullException(ExceptionArgument.match);
}
Contract.EndContractBlock();
if( _size > 0) {
IComparer<T> comparer = new Array.FunctorComparer<T>(comparison);
Array.Sort(_items, 0, _size, comparer);
}
}调用Array.Sor函数，没啥说的。
ToArray函数：
// ToArray returns a new Object array containing the contents of the List.
// This requires copying the List, which is an O(n) operation.
public T[] ToArray() {
Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<T[]>() != null);
Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<T[]>().Length == Count);
T[] array = new T[_size];
Array.Copy(_items, 0, array, 0, _size);
return array;
}Clear函数：
// Clears the contents of List.
public void Clear() {
if (_size > 0)
{
Array.Clear(_items, 0, _size); // Don't need to doc this but we clear the elements so that the gc can reclaim the references.
_size = 0;
}
_version++;
}源码为.net 4.5.1；
.net源码网址:https://referencesource.microsoft.com/
注：本人水平有限，如果有错误，欢迎指正……
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