IDDPM的UNetModel的ResBlock和AttentionBlock详解

最新推荐文章于 2024-05-20 23:48:47 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-05-20 23:48:47 发布

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IDDPM的UNetModel的ResBlock和AttentionBlock详解

ResBlock
AttentionBlock

class UNetModel(nn.Module):
    """
    The full UNet model with attention and timestep embedding.

    :param in_channels: channels in the input Tensor.
    :param model_channels: base channel count for the model.
    :param out_channels: channels in the output Tensor.
    :param num_res_blocks: number of residual blocks per downsample.
    :param attention_resolutions: a collection of downsample rates at which
        attention will take place. May be a set, list, or tuple.
        For example, if this contains 4, then at 4x downsampling, attention
        will be used.
    :param dropout: the dropout probability.
    :param channel_mult: channel multiplier for each level of the UNet.
    :param conv_resample: if True, use learned convolutions for upsampling and
        downsampling.
    :param dims: determines if the signal is 1D, 2D, or 3D.
    :param num_classes: if specified (as an int), then this model will be
        class-conditional with `num_classes` classes.
    :param use_checkpoint: use gradient checkpointing to reduce memory usage.
    :param num_heads: the number of attention heads in each attention layer.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        in_channels,
        model_channels,
        out_channels,
        num_res_blocks,
        attention_resolutions,
        dropout=0,
        channel_mult=(1, 2, 4, 8),
        conv_resample=True,
        dims=2,
        num_classes=None,
        use_checkpoint=False,
        num_heads=1,
        num_heads_upsample=-1,
        use_scale_shift_norm=False,
    ):# init模块，对超参数进行设置
        super().__init__()

        if num_heads_upsample == -1:
            num_heads_upsample = num_heads

        self.in_channels = in_channels
        self.model_channels = model_channels
        self.out_channels = out_channels
        self.num_res_blocks = num_res_blocks
        self.attention_resolutions = attention_resolutions
        self.dropout = dropout
        self.channel_mult = channel_mult
        self.conv_resample = conv_resample
        self.num_classes = num_classes
        self.use_checkpoint = use_checkpoint
        self.num_heads = num_heads
        self.num_heads_upsample = num_heads_upsample

        time_embed_dim = model_channels * 4

        # 对扩散过程的timestep进行变换
        self.time_embed = nn.Sequential(
            linear(model_channels, time_embed_dim),
            SiLU(),
            linear(time_embed_dim, time_embed_dim),
        )

        if self.num_classes is not None:   # 如果是条件生成的话，还会有label_emb
            self.label_emb = nn.Embedding(num_classes, time_embed_dim)


        self.input_blocks = nn.ModuleList(
            [
                TimestepEmbedSequential(
                    conv_nd(dims, in_channels, model_channels, 3, padding=1)
                )
            ]
        )
        input_block_chans = [model_channels]
        ch = model_channels
        ds = 1  #  ds为下采样的比例

        # 对unet的左边进行搭建：先做ResBlock, AttentionBlock 再做DownSample
        for level, mult in enumerate(channel_mult): # channel_mult=(1,2,4,8)
            # 第一个for循环，就确定ResBlock和AttentionBlock的块数，也即横向操作
            for _ in range(num_res_blocks):
                # ResBlock把时间信息加进来
                layers = [
                    ResBlock(
                        ch,
                        time_embed_dim,
                        dropout,
                        out_channels=mult * model_channels,
                        dims=dims,
                        use_checkpoint=use_checkpoint,
                        use_scale_shift_norm=use_scale_shift_norm,
                    )
                ]

                ch = mult * model_channels

                # AttentionBlock只有当downsample到一定程度才会执行哦！
                # AttentionBlock  16*16ViT的思想，更好地捕捉像素之间的关系
                if ds in attention_resolutions:  # ds：下采样的比例
                    layers.append(
                        AttentionBlock(
                            ch, use_checkpoint=use_checkpoint, num_heads=num_heads
                        )
                    )

                self.input_blocks.append(TimestepEmbedSequential(*layers))
                input_block_chans.append(ch)

            # Downsample，竖向操作，降采样
            if level != len(channel_mult) - 1:
                self.input_blocks.append(
                    TimestepEmbedSequential(Downsample(ch, conv_resample, dims=dims))
                )
                input_block_chans.append(ch)
                ds *= 2


        #unet中间的部分，feature map大小和channel都不变
        self.middle_block = TimestepEmbedSequential(
            ResBlock(
                ch,
                time_embed_dim,
                dropout,
                dims=dims,
                use_checkpoint=use_checkpoint,
                use_scale_shift_norm=use_scale_shift_norm,
            ),
            AttentionBlock(ch, use_checkpoint=use_checkpoint, num_heads=num_heads),
            ResBlock(
                ch,
                time_embed_dim,
                dropout,
                dims=dims,
                use_checkpoint=use_checkpoint,
                use_scale_shift_norm=use_scale_shift_norm,
            ),
        )

        # unet最右边的那一块
        self.output_blocks = nn.ModuleList([])
        for level, mult in list(enumerate(channel_mult))[::-1]:
            for i in range(num_res_blocks + 1):
                # 注意ResBlock的input 是channles（当前的通道数目） + input_block_chans.pop()（左边的通道数目）
                layers = [
                    ResBlock(
                        ch + input_block_chans.pop(),
                        time_embed_dim,
                        dropout,
                        out_channels=model_channels * mult,
                        dims=dims,
                        use_checkpoint=use_checkpoint,
                        use_scale_shift_norm=use_scale_shift_norm,
                    )
                ]
                ch = model_channels * mult
                if ds in attention_resolutions:
                    layers.append(
                        AttentionBlock(
                            ch,
                            use_checkpoint=use_checkpoint,
                            num_heads=num_heads_upsample,
                        )
                    )
                if level and i == num_res_blocks:
                    layers.append(Upsample(ch, conv_resample, dims=dims))
                    ds //= 2   # upsample， 通道数目在不断减小
                self.output_blocks.append(TimestepEmbedSequential(*layers))

        self.out = nn.Sequential(
            normalization(ch),
            SiLU(),
            zero_module(conv_nd(dims, model_channels, out_channels, 3, padding=1)),
        )

    def convert_to_fp16(self):
        """
        Convert the torso of the model to float16.
        """
        self.input_blocks.apply(convert_module_to_f16)
        self.middle_block.apply(convert_module_to_f16)
        self.output_blocks.apply(convert_module_to_f16)

    def convert_to_fp32(self):
        """
        Convert the torso of the model to float32.
        """
        self.input_blocks.apply(convert_module_to_f32)
        self.middle_block.apply(convert_module_to_f32)
        self.output_blocks.apply(convert_module_to_f32)

    @property
    def inner_dtype(self):
        """
        Get the dtype used by the torso of the model.
        """
        return next(self.input_blocks.parameters()).dtype

    def forward(self, x, timesteps, y=None):
        """
        Apply the model to an input batch.

        :param x: an [N x C x ...] Tensor of inputs.
        :param timesteps: a 1-D batch of timesteps.
        :param y: an [N] Tensor of labels, if class-conditional.
        :return: an [N x C x ...] Tensor of outputs.
        """
        assert (y is not None) == (
            self.num_classes is not None
        ), "must specify y if and only if the model is class-conditional"

        hs = []
        # 这里的timestep是一个正余弦的表示，这里和DDPM里面的不一样哦
        # 这里的t是缩放到了0~1000之间的
        emb = self.time_embed(timestep_embedding(timesteps, self.model_channels))

        if self.num_classes is not None:  # 如果有num_classes的话，需要把label_emb也加进来
            # 条件也是变为一个embedding, 然后和time_emb结合起来
            assert y.shape == (x.shape[0],)
            emb = emb + self.label_emb(y)

        h = x.type(self.inner_dtype)

        # 对input_blocks进行遍历保存起来到hs，因为UpSample的时候每个模块都需要传入左侧对应模块的输出
        for module in self.input_blocks:
            h = module(h, emb)
            hs.append(h)

        h = self.middle_block(h, emb)

        
        for module in self.output_blocks:
            cat_in = th.cat([h, hs.pop()], dim=1)
            h = module(cat_in, emb)
        h = h.type(x.dtype)
        return self.out(h)

    def get_feature_vectors(self, x, timesteps, y=None):
        """
        Apply the model and return all of the intermediate tensors.

        :param x: an [N x C x ...] Tensor of inputs.
        :param timesteps: a 1-D batch of timesteps.
        :param y: an [N] Tensor of labels, if class-conditional.
        :return: a dict with the following keys:
                 - 'down': a list of hidden state tensors from downsampling.
                 - 'middle': the tensor of the output of the lowest-resolution
                             block in the model.
                 - 'up': a list of hidden state tensors from upsampling.
        """
        hs = []
        emb = self.time_embed(timestep_embedding(timesteps, self.model_channels))
        if self.num_classes is not None:
            assert y.shape == (x.shape[0],)
            emb = emb + self.label_emb(y)
        result = dict(down=[], up=[])
        h = x.type(self.inner_dtype)
        for module in self.input_blocks:
            h = module(h, emb)
            hs.append(h)
            result["down"].append(h.type(x.dtype))
        h = self.middle_block(h, emb)
        result["middle"] = h.type(x.dtype)
        for module in self.output_blocks:
            cat_in = th.cat([h, hs.pop()], dim=1)
            h = module(cat_in, emb)
            result["up"].append(h.type(x.dtype))
        return result

forward函数中：
emb = self.time_embed(timestep_embedding(timesteps, self.model_channels))
timestep_embedding先把timesteps经过sin, cos变化，输出(N, model_channels)的二维张量
再经过time_embed的linear, silu, linear处理，输出(N, time_embed_dim)的二维张量

emb = emb + self.label_emb(y)如果还有标签y的话，就通过embedding将y编码为(N, time_embed_dim)，然后和时间的编码直接相加。

将x 和emb一起传入到input_blocks中处理，也即Unet的左侧，先进行横向(Res or Res+Atten)处理，再downsample

ResBlock

resblock中的emb是包含time和label信息的混合emb, resblock就是为了把时间信息和标签信息处理后融合到图片x中去。

在这里插入图片描述

AttentionBlock

由于最开始的ds=1，而attention_resolution=“16,8”,所以只有当降采样到一定level的时候，比如降采样到第3层，第4层的时候才会用到AttentionBlock.

# AttentionBlock只有当downsample到一定程度才会执行哦！
                # AttentionBlock  16*16ViT的思想，更好地捕捉像素之间的关系
                if ds in attention_resolutions:  # ds：下采样的比例
                    layers.append(
                        AttentionBlock(
                            ch, use_checkpoint=use_checkpoint, num_heads=num_heads
                        )
                    )

# MHSA：multi-head-self-attention
# SA:更好地捕捉像素之间的关系
# Multi-head: 因为QKV是根据Q和K之间的相似性来计算权重的，它是没有可学习参数的，
# 为了引入可学习参数，先将QKV通过linear投影到低维，再进行Attention(多组)，然后concat结果，在project回来

class AttentionBlock(nn.Module): # 其实就是做一个Multi-Head-attention的计算
    """
    An attention block that allows spatial positions to attend to each other.

    Originally ported from here, but adapted to the N-d case.
    https://github.com/hojonathanho/diffusion/blob/1e0dceb3b3495bbe19116a5e1b3596cd0706c543/diffusion_tf/models/unet.py#L66.
    """

    def __init__(self, channels, num_heads=1, use_checkpoint=False):
        super().__init__()
        self.channels = channels
        self.num_heads = num_heads
        self.use_checkpoint = use_checkpoint

        self.norm = normalization(channels)  # GroupNorm
        self.qkv = conv_nd(1, channels, channels * 3, 1)   # 进行1维卷积，kernel=1,不改变featuremap形状，但改变channel数目
        self.attention = QKVAttention()
        self.proj_out = zero_module(conv_nd(1, channels, channels, 1))

    def forward(self, x):
        return checkpoint(self._forward, (x,), self.parameters(), self.use_checkpoint)

    def _forward(self, x):
        b, c, *spatial = x.shape  
        # 首先把x变成三维的,batchsize * channel * 空间维(拉成一维的)
        x = x.reshape(b, c, -1)
        qkv = self.qkv(self.norm(x))  # GN, 然后channel数翻3倍
        # num_head提前，中间的-1是序列长度，
        qkv = qkv.reshape(b * self.num_heads, -1, qkv.shape[2])
        h = self.attention(qkv)
        h = h.reshape(b, -1, h.shape[-1])  # 再恢复为原来的形状
        h = self.proj_out(h)    # 再经过一个proj
        return (x + h).reshape(b, c, *spatial)  # 残差连接


class QKVAttention(nn.Module):
    """
    A module which performs QKV attention.
    """

    def forward(self, qkv):
        """
        Apply QKV attention.

        :param qkv: an [N x (C * 3) x T] tensor of Qs, Ks, and Vs.
        :return: an [N x C x T] tensor after attention.
        """
        ch = qkv.shape[1] // 3
        q, k, v = th.split(qkv, ch, dim=1)
        scale = 1 / math.sqrt(math.sqrt(ch))
        weight = th.einsum(
            "bct,bcs->bts", q * scale, k * scale
        )  # More stable with f16 than dividing afterwards
        weight = th.softmax(weight.float(), dim=-1).type(weight.dtype)
        return th.einsum("bts,bcs->bct", weight, v)

    @staticmethod
    def count_flops(model, _x, y):
        """
        A counter for the `thop` package to count the operations in an
        attention operation.

        Meant to be used like:

            macs, params = thop.profile(
                model,
                inputs=(inputs, timestamps),
                custom_ops={QKVAttention: QKVAttention.count_flops},
            )

        """
        b, c, *spatial = y[0].shape
        num_spatial = int(np.prod(spatial))
        # We perform two matmuls with the same number of ops.
        # The first computes the weight matrix, the second computes
        # the combination of the value vectors.
        matmul_ops = 2 * b * (num_spatial ** 2) * c
        model.total_ops += th.DoubleTensor([matmul_ops])

AttentionBlock做的事情：
输入的x=（batch, channel, h, w）
先将图片拉平为(batch, channel, $h\times w$ ),然后GN，并通过conv1d将channel翻3倍，变为(batch, 3channel, $h\times w$ ).
然后是multi-head的处理：
比如这里设置multi-head=3，将batch和通道重新分组，变为qkv=(batch*multi-head, channel, $h\times w$ ).
QKVAttention(qkv)是对通道进行划分，基本上等分为3份，即q.shape=k.shape=v.shape=(3batch, $\frac{channel}{3}$ , $h\times w$ )
通过Q,K计算权重Weight，将权重Weight和V相乘得到最后的值，output.shape(3batch, $\frac{channel}{3}$ , $h\times w$ )
h = h.reshape(b, -1, h.shape[-1])再恢复为原来的形状( $h\times w$ ), 再经过一个proj_out(其实就是一个conv1d)，形状不变，仍为( $h\times w$ )，然后和 x 进行残差连接，再reshape为( $ba t c h, c hann e l, h, w$ ).