学习参照链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/caoxb/p/11243472.html
参照该链接，利用空闲的时间，花费快一周才部署成功，比较详细步骤参照该链接就好，此篇博客主要镜像相关遇到问题补充和记录。
虚拟机： VMware® Workstation 15 Pro15.5.0 build-14665864
操作系统：CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core)
- 部署环境时，需要用到3个虚拟机环境，所以可以装完第一个centos后，直接将装完的第一个centos硬克隆两个。
- 安装docker、安装kubectl、kubeadm、kubelet、cri-tools，需要进行相关yum源的准备，如果未准备好，会导致安装失败，
- yum源的准备：
1）基础源
[root@k8s-master yum.repos.d]# cat CentOS-Base.repo
# CentOS-Base.repo
[base]
name=CentOS- r e l e a s e v e r − B a s e − m i r r o r s . a l i y u n . c o m f a i l o v e r m e t h o d = p r i o r i t y b a s e u r l = h t t p : / / m i r r o r s . a l i y u n . c o m / c e n t o s / releasever - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com failovermethod=priority baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/ releasever−Base−mirrors.aliyun.comfailovermethod=prioritybaseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/releasever/os/ b a s e a r c h / h t t p : / / m i r r o r s . a l i y u n c s . c o m / c e n t o s / basearch/ http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/ basearch/http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/releasever/os/ b a s e a r c h / h t t p : / / m i r r o r s . c l o u d . a l i y u n c s . c o m / c e n t o s / basearch/ http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/ basearch/http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-
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releasever - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com failovermethod=priority baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/
releasever−Updates−mirrors.aliyun.comfailovermethod=prioritybaseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/releasever/updates/
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basearch/http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/releasever/updates/
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basearch/ http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/
basearch/http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-
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releasever - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com failovermethod=priority baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/
releasever−Extras−mirrors.aliyun.comfailovermethod=prioritybaseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/releasever/extras/
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basearch/http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/centos/releasever/extras/
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basearch/http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-
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releasever - Plus - mirrors.aliyun.com failovermethod=priority baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/
releasever−Plus−mirrors.aliyun.comfailovermethod=prioritybaseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/releasever/centosplus/
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basearch/http://mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/centos/releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#contrib - packages by Centos Users
[contrib]
name=CentOS-
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gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
2）.docker-ce.repo
[root@k8s-master yum.repos.d]# cat docker-ce.repo
[docker-ce-stable]
name=Docker CE Stable -
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basearch baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/
basearchbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker−ce/linux/centos/7/basearch/stable
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
[docker-ce-stable-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Stable - Debuginfo
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basearch baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/debug-
basearchbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker−ce/linux/centos/7/debug−basearch/stable
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
[docker-ce-stable-source]
name=Docker CE Stable - Sources
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/source/stable
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
[docker-ce-edge]
name=Docker CE Edge -
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basearch baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/
basearchbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker−ce/linux/centos/7/basearch/edge
enabled=0
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gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
[docker-ce-edge-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Edge - Debuginfo
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basearch baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/debug-
basearchbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker−ce/linux/centos/7/debug−basearch/edge
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
[docker-ce-edge-source]
name=Docker CE Edge - Sources
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/source/edge
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
[docker-ce-test]
name=Docker CE Test -
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basearch baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/
basearchbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker−ce/linux/centos/7/basearch/test
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
[docker-ce-test-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Test - Debuginfo
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basearch baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/debug-
basearchbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker−ce/linux/centos/7/debug−basearch/test
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
[docker-ce-test-source]
name=Docker CE Test - Sources
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/source/test
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
[docker-ce-nightly]
name=Docker CE Nightly -
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basearch baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/
basearchbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker−ce/linux/centos/7/basearch/nightly
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
[docker-ce-nightly-debuginfo]
name=Docker CE Nightly - Debuginfo
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basearch baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/debug-
basearchbaseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker−ce/linux/centos/7/debug−basearch/nightly
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
[docker-ce-nightly-source]
name=Docker CE Nightly - Sources
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/source/nightly
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg
3） kubernetes.repo
[root@k8s-master yum.repos.d]# cat kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
4）epel.repo
[root@k8s-master yum.repos.d]# cat epel.repo
[epel]
name=EPEL for redhat/centos $releasever -
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basearch baseurl=http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/epel/
basearchbaseurl=http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/epel/releasever/$basearch/
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/epel/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
-
在master节点安装kubectl、kubeadm、kubelet、cri-tools，
1） 版本可以指定，但是有些时候，可能版本过老，会导致安装时，无法找到相关的包，可以不指定版本直接安装最新的即可
2）安装时，需要指定参数 --nogpgcheck，不然会安装失败
yum install -y kubectl-1.18.1-0.x86_64 --nogpgcheck
yum install -y cri-tools-1.13.0-0.x86_64 --nogpgcheck
yum install -y kubeadm-1.18.1-0.x86_64 --nogpgcheck
yum install -y kubelet-1.18.1-0.x86_64 --nogpgcheck -
在master执行kubeadm init初始化之前需要配置daemon.json，不然也会出现问题
1）daemon.json的内容和路径
[root@k8s-master docker]# cat /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
“exec-opts”: [“native.cgroupdriver=systemd”],
“log-driver”: “json-file”,
“log-opts”: {
“max-size”: “100m”
},
“storage-driver”: “overlay2”,
“registry-mirrors”:[
“https://kfwkfulq.mirror.aliyuncs.com”,
“https://2lqq34jg.mirror.aliyuncs.com”,
“https://pee6w651.mirror.aliyuncs.com”,
“http://hub-mirror.c.163.com”,
“https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn”,
“https://registry.docker-cn.com”
]
}
2）配置完毕后，执行
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker -
master和node节点的kubectl等组件部署完毕后，需要在master部署CNI节点
1）下载calico.yaml ，执行
curl https://docs.projectcalico.org/manifests/calico.yaml -O
kubectl apply -f calico.yaml
2）如果下载不可用可以在下面链接查看最新的下载路径
https://docs.projectcalico.org/getting-started/kubernetes/self-managed-onprem/onpremises -
部署完毕后，执行kubectl get pods -n kube-system后，pod节点不是running状态
1） CrashLoopBackOff 解释和解决–重启node节点的docker服务解决（问题解释pod反复产生拉起该容器，但是一值未拉起成功）
2）ImagePullBackOff 去相关node节点手动拉取相关镜像文件（相关镜像拉取失败）
例如：
calico-node-6wfc5 0/1 Init:ImagePullBackOff
使用kubectl describe pod -n kube-system calico-node-6wfc5
查看，能够查看到是哪个node节点，哪个镜像，哪个版本拉取失败，执行docker pull 相关镜像，可以拉取下来
20210521重新通过kubeadm部署k8s遇到了新的问题，进行分享记录：
- kubeadm init 初始化失败，提示的错误信息如下：
[root@master kubelet.service.d]# kubeadm init --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.229.149 --image-repository registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers --kubernetes-version v1.21.1 --service-cidr=10.1.0.0/16 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.21.1
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[WARNING IsDockerSystemdCheck]: detected "cgroupfs" as the Docker cgroup driver. The recommended driver is "systemd". Please follow the guide at https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/cri/
[WARNING Hostname]: hostname "k8s-master" could not be reached
[WARNING Hostname]: hostname "k8s-master": lookup k8s-master on 114.114.114.114:53: no such host
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
error execution phase preflight: [preflight] Some fatal errors occurred:
[ERROR ImagePull]: failed to pull image registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns/coredns:v1.8.0: output: Error response from daemon: pull access denied for registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns/coredns, repository does not exist or may require 'docker login': denied: requested access to the resource is denied
, error: exit status 1
[preflight] If you know what you are doing, you can make a check non-fatal with `--ignore-preflight-errors=...`
To see the stack trace of this error execute with --v=5 or higher
1.） 解决方法说明：因为昨天初始化的时候，已经将相关的images镜像已经下载到本地了，所以百度查询资料后，通过修改镜像的tag标志解决该问题，如下：
1) 镜像信息如下：
root@k82-master ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver v1.21.1 771ffcf9ca63 8 days ago 126MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler v1.21.1 a4183b88f6e6 8 days ago 50.6MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy v1.21.1 4359e752b596 8 days ago 131MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager v1.21.1 e16544fd47b0 8 days ago 120MB
calico/node v3.19.0 b0744cc52c19 3 weeks ago 153MB
calico/pod2daemon-flexvol v3.19.0 a5decf77918d 3 weeks ago 21.7MB
calico/cni v3.19.0 3d17cd6307a4 3 weeks ago 146MB
calico/kube-controllers v3.19.0 c51610d08fdf 3 weeks ago 60.6MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver v1.21.0 4d217480042e 6 weeks ago 126MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy v1.21.0 38ddd85fe90e 6 weeks ago 122MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler v1.21.0 62ad3129eca8 6 weeks ago 50.6MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager v1.21.0 09708983cc37 6 weeks ago 120MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause 3.4.1 0f8457a4c2ec 4 months ago 683kB
coredns/coredns 1.8.0 296a6d5035e2 7 months ago 42.5MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd 3.4.13-0 0369cf4303ff 8 months ago 253MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause 3.2 80d28bedfe5d 15 months ago 683kB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns 1.6.7 67da37a9a360 15 months ago 43.8MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd 3.4.3-0 303ce5db0e90 19 months ago 288MB
2) 通过kubeadm config images list 查看自己所安装kubelet所对应应该安装容器版本如下：
[root@k82-master ~]# kubeadm config images list
k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.21.1
k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.21.1
k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.21.1
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.21.1
k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.4.1
k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.4.13-0
k8s.gcr.io/coredns/coredns:v1.8.0
3) 通过修改docker images tag的方法来解决该问题（顺利解决）需要依次进行修改。修改完毕后，可以将阿里云的镜像进行删除，解除空间占用，不删除也不影响。
docker tag registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.21.1 k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.21.1
4) 修改完毕后，镜像如下:
[root@k82-master ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver v1.21.1 771ffcf9ca63 8 days ago 126MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver v1.21.1 771ffcf9ca63 8 days ago 126MB
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy v1.21.1 4359e752b596 8 days ago 131MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy v1.21.1 4359e752b596 8 days ago 131MB
k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager v1.21.1 e16544fd47b0 8 days ago 120MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager v1.21.1 e16544fd47b0 8 days ago 120MB
k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler v1.21.1 a4183b88f6e6 8 days ago 50.6MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler v1.21.1 a4183b88f6e6 8 days ago 50.6MB
calico/node v3.19.0 b0744cc52c19 3 weeks ago 153MB
calico/pod2daemon-flexvol v3.19.0 a5decf77918d 3 weeks ago 21.7MB
calico/cni v3.19.0 3d17cd6307a4 3 weeks ago 146MB
calico/kube-controllers v3.19.0 c51610d08fdf 3 weeks ago 60.6MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver v1.21.0 4d217480042e 6 weeks ago 126MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy v1.21.0 38ddd85fe90e 6 weeks ago 122MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler v1.21.0 62ad3129eca8 6 weeks ago 50.6MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager v1.21.0 09708983cc37 6 weeks ago 120MB
k8s.gcr.io/pause 3.4.1 0f8457a4c2ec 4 months ago 683kB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause 3.4.1 0f8457a4c2ec 4 months ago 683kB
coredns/coredns 1.8.0 296a6d5035e2 7 months ago 42.5MB
k8s.gcr.io/coredns/coredns v1.8.0 296a6d5035e2 7 months ago 42.5MB
k8s.gcr.io/etcd 3.4.13-0 0369cf4303ff 8 months ago 253MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd 3.4.13-0 0369cf4303ff 8 months ago 253MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause 3.2 80d28bedfe5d 15 months ago 683kB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns 1.6.7 67da37a9a360 15 months ago 43.8MB
registry.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd 3.4.3-0 303ce5db0e90 19 months ago 288MB
- 进行kubeadm初始化，初始化成功，如下：
[root@k82-master ~]# kubeadm init --kubernetes-version=v1.21.1 --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --service-cidr=10.96.0.0/12 --ignore-preflight-errors=Swap
[init] Using Kubernetes version: v1.21.1
[preflight] Running pre-flight checks
[WARNING Hostname]: hostname "k82-master" could not be reached
[WARNING Hostname]: hostname "k82-master": lookup k82-master on 114.114.114.114:53: no such host
[preflight] Pulling images required for setting up a Kubernetes cluster
[preflight] This might take a minute or two, depending on the speed of your internet connection
[preflight] You can also perform this action in beforehand using 'kubeadm config images pull'
[certs] Using certificateDir folder "/etc/kubernetes/pki"
[addons] Applied essential addon: CoreDNS
[addons] Applied essential addon: kube-proxy
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
kubeadm join 192.168.229.149:6443 --token fkdwsz.2mdicz8hpxo9bg3l \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:1f457fc9ebef7a05be88acb6ad058b1b42f55ca57ace0c42b7aa05716b88d32c
该问题解决方法，参考文章链接如下：
https://blog.csdn.net/curry10086/article/details/107579113
- 遇到问题2：calico-node-ffcvx 容器一直未正常运行，日志提示信息如下：
[root@k82-master ~]# kubectl describe pod -n kube-system calico-node-ffcvx
Warning Unhealthy 24m kubelet Readiness probe failed: calico/node is not ready: BIRD is not ready: Error querying BIRD: unable to connect to BIRDv4 socket: dial unix /var/run/bird/bird.ctl: connect: no such file or directory
Warning Unhealthy 23m kubelet Readiness probe failed: 2021-05-21 11:49:08.357 [INFO][208] confd/health.go 180: Number of node(s) with BGP peering established = 0
calico/node is not ready: felix is not ready: Get "http://localhost:9099/readiness": dial tcp: lookup localhost on 114.114.114.114:53: no such host
Warning Unhealthy 23m kubelet Readiness probe failed: 2021-05-21 11:49:18.352 [INFO][243] confd/health.go 180: Number of node(s) with BGP peering established = 0
calico/node is not ready: felix is not ready: Get "http://localhost:9099/readiness": dial tcp: lookup localhost on 114.114.114.114:53: no such host
Warning Unhealthy 23m kubelet Readiness probe failed: 2021-05-21 11:49:28.348 [INFO][270] confd/health.go 180: Number of node(s) with BGP peering established = 0
calico/node is not ready: felix is not ready: Get "http://localhost:9099/readiness": dial tcp: lookup localhost on 114.114.114.114:53: no such host
Warning Unhealthy 23m kubelet Readiness probe failed: 2021-05-21 11:49:38.354 [INFO][305] confd/health.go 180: Number of node(s) with BGP peering established = 0
calico/node is not ready: felix is not ready: Get "http://localhost:9099/readiness": dial tcp: lookup localhost on 114.114.114.114:53: no such host
Warning Unhealthy 23m (x5 over 23m) kubelet Liveness probe failed: calico/node is not ready: Felix is not live: Get "http://localhost:9099/liveness": dial tcp: lookup localhost on 114.114.114.114:53: no such host
2) 问题原因： /etc/hosts文件中127.0.0.1和 localhostname的映射关系被我删除，导致该问题的出现，解决方法，在hosts文件中，加上映射关系，该问题解决。
[root@k82-master ~]# cat /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
``[root@k82-master ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
calico-kube-controllers-b656ddcfc-rjdhx 1/1 Running 0 25m
calico-node-ffcvx 1/1 Running 3 25m
coredns-558bd4d5db-bd282 1/1 Running 0 29m
coredns-558bd4d5db-hp9ht 1/1 Running 0 29m
etcd-k82-master 1/1 Running 0 30m
kube-apiserver-k82-master 1/1 Running 1 30m
kube-controller-manager-k82-master 1/1 Running 0 30m
kube-proxy-2w4x7 1/1 Running 0 29m
kube-scheduler-k82-master 1/1 Running 0 30m
该问题解决办法查看文章链接
https://blog.csdn.net/u014554546/article/details/108793165
这篇文章是按照开头链接文章部署时，遇到的问题时，查阅资料所解决的坑。编写此文章进行记录，欢迎交流
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