使用java来做验证码识别,识别一些普通的验证码图片
最近公司要做爬虫
前言:
我们都知道,验证码的作用是用来验证你是否为机器人,基本是做反爬虫或刷数据的一类功能验证。针对这种情况,引用一位老人家的名言,“要用魔法打败魔法”,我们想爬别人数据只能通过更高明的技术。本文介绍的也不是啥高明的手段,毕竟只能识别一些简单的验证码,废话少说,直接上干货。
思路分析:
代码并不是我原创的,我只是一个裁缝,把别人的布自己拼一拼,再用点自己的线。验证码区分是否是机器和真人的方式就是在图片上加上一些干扰线,干扰机器的识别。
示例图片:
这些杂线干扰了机器的识别,BAT提供的云服务ocr识别不了。我们需要进行格式化,通过代码的操作后生成的图片为
去掉了干扰线以后在使用orc识别准确率基本到80%~90%了。但是机器容易自动识别出一些空格,有的杂线没有完全去除,导致识别出"、"," ` "等各种字符(例如示例验证码R下的、),所以我加了字符的过滤,只留下字母和数字。也有一些J会识别成 ] ,所以在过滤之前加一下判断,这个需要自己来加,我没有加。
ocr识别是引入的一个jar包,有防爬虫执行,识别几次后让你点击才能继续执行。针对这点可以把免费的jar包换位云服务的识别接口。
首先引入pom依赖
<!-- 获取并识别验证码-->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-codec/commons-codec -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
<version>1.15</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-io/commons-io -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.8.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-logging/commons-logging -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-httpclient/commons-httpclient -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-httpclient</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-httpclient</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.asprise.ocr</groupId>
<artifactId>java-ocr-api</artifactId>
<version>15.3.0.3</version>
</dependency>
然后是工具类,工具类有两个方法,
package com.evaluation.train.common.util;
import com.asprise.ocr.Ocr;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpClient;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.methods.GetMethod;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Date;
public class OCRCodeUtil {
/**
* 根据接口地址识别
* @param netPath http链接
* @param savePath 验证码图片保存到本地的位置
* @param destDir 验证码可识别操作后的保存位置
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public static String DictCode(String netPath, String savePath, String destDir) throws IOException {
//把文件保存到本地地址
HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
GetMethod getMethod = new GetMethod(netPath);
int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(getMethod);
if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
System.err.println("Method failed: " + getMethod.getStatusLine());
return "Method failed: " + getMethod.getStatusLine();
}
String picName = savePath;
File filepic = new File(picName);
if (!filepic.exists())
filepic.mkdir();
String fileName = picName + new Date().getTime() + ".jpg";
File filepicF = new File(fileName);
InputStream inputStream = getMethod.getResponseBodyAsStream();
OutputStream outStream = new FileOutputStream(filepicF);
IOUtils.copy(inputStream, outStream);
outStream.close();
filepicF = new File(fileName);
cleanLinesInImage(filepicF, destDir);
Ocr.setUp(); // one time setup
Ocr ocr = new Ocr(); // create a new OCR engine
ocr.startEngine("eng", Ocr.SPEED_FASTEST); // English
String code = ocr.recognize(new File[]{filepicF}, Ocr.RECOGNIZE_TYPE_TEXT, Ocr.OUTPUT_FORMAT_PLAINTEXT);
// char[] chars = code.toCharArray();
// for (int i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) {
// switch (chars[i]) {
// case ']':
// chars[i] = 'j';
// break;
// }
// }
// code = chars.toString();
code = code.replaceAll("[^0-9a-zA-Z]", "");
ocr.stopEngine();
return code;
}
/**
* 根据本地路径识别
*
* @param sfile 识别的file
* @param destDir 处理后放入的文件夹
* @return
* @throws IOException
*/
public static String DictCode(File sfile, String destDir) throws IOException {
cleanLinesInImage(sfile, destDir);
File filepicF = new File(destDir + sfile.getName());
Ocr.setUp(); // one time setup
Ocr ocr = new Ocr(); // create a new OCR engine
ocr.startEngine("eng", Ocr.SPEED_FASTEST); // English
String code = ocr.recognize(new File[]{filepicF}, Ocr.RECOGNIZE_TYPE_TEXT, Ocr.OUTPUT_FORMAT_PLAINTEXT);
// char[] chars = code.toCharArray();
// for (int i = 0; i < chars.length; i++) {
// switch (chars[i]) {
// case ']':
// chars[i] = 'j';
// break;
// }
// }
// code = chars.toString();
code = code.replaceAll("[^0-9a-zA-Z]", "");
ocr.stopEngine();
return code;
}
/**
* @param sfile 需要去噪的图像
* @param destDir 去噪后的图像保存地址
* @throws IOException
*/
public static void cleanLinesInImage(File sfile, String destDir) throws IOException {
File destF = new File(destDir);
if (!destF.exists()) {
destF.mkdirs();
}
BufferedImage bufferedImage = ImageIO.read(sfile);
int h = bufferedImage.getHeight();
int w = bufferedImage.getWidth();
// 灰度化
int[][] gray = new int[w][h];
for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
int argb = bufferedImage.getRGB(x, y);
// 图像加亮(调整亮度识别率非常高)
int r = (int) (((argb >> 16) & 0xFF) * 1.1 + 30);
int g = (int) (((argb >> 8) & 0xFF) * 1.1 + 30);
int b = (int) (((argb >> 0) & 0xFF) * 1.1 + 30);
if (r >= 255) {
r = 255;
}
if (g >= 255) {
g = 255;
}
if (b >= 255) {
b = 255;
}
gray[x][y] = (int) Math
.pow((Math.pow(r, 2.2) * 0.2973 + Math.pow(g, 2.2)
* 0.6274 + Math.pow(b, 2.2) * 0.0753), 1 / 2.2);
}
}
// 二值化
int threshold = ostu(gray, w, h);
BufferedImage binaryBufferedImage = new BufferedImage(w, h, BufferedImage.TYPE_BYTE_BINARY);
for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
if (gray[x][y] > threshold) {
gray[x][y] |= 0x00FFFF;
} else {
gray[x][y] &= 0xFF0000;
}
binaryBufferedImage.setRGB(x, y, gray[x][y]);
}
}
//去除干扰线条
for (int y = 1; y < h - 1; y++) {
for (int x = 1; x < w - 1; x++) {
boolean flag = false;
if (isBlack(binaryBufferedImage.getRGB(x, y))) {
//左右均为空时,去掉此点
if (isWhite(binaryBufferedImage.getRGB(x - 1, y)) && isWhite(binaryBufferedImage.getRGB(x + 1, y))) {
flag = true;
}
//上下均为空时,去掉此点
if (isWhite(binaryBufferedImage.getRGB(x, y + 1)) && isWhite(binaryBufferedImage.getRGB(x, y - 1))) {
flag = true;
}
//斜上下为空时,去掉此点
if (isWhite(binaryBufferedImage.getRGB(x - 1, y + 1)) && isWhite(binaryBufferedImage.getRGB(x + 1, y - 1))) {
flag = true;
}
if (isWhite(binaryBufferedImage.getRGB(x + 1, y + 1)) && isWhite(binaryBufferedImage.getRGB(x - 1, y - 1))) {
flag = true;
}
if (flag) {
binaryBufferedImage.setRGB(x, y, -1);
}
}
}
}
// 矩阵打印
// for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
// for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
// if (isBlack(binaryBufferedImage.getRGB(x, y))) {
// //System.out.print("*");
// } else {
// //System.out.print(" ");
// }
// }
// //System.out.println();
// }
ImageIO.write(binaryBufferedImage, "jpg", new File(destDir, sfile
.getName()));
}
public static boolean isBlack(int colorInt) {
Color color = new Color(colorInt);
if (color.getRed() + color.getGreen() + color.getBlue() <= 300) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
public static boolean isWhite(int colorInt) {
Color color = new Color(colorInt);
if (color.getRed() + color.getGreen() + color.getBlue() > 300) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
public static int isBlackOrWhite(int colorInt) {
if (getColorBright(colorInt) < 30 || getColorBright(colorInt) > 730) {
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
public static int getColorBright(int colorInt) {
Color color = new Color(colorInt);
return color.getRed() + color.getGreen() + color.getBlue();
}
public static int ostu(int[][] gray, int w, int h) {
int[] histData = new int[w * h];
// Calculate histogram
for (int x = 0; x < w; x++) {
for (int y = 0; y < h; y++) {
int red = 0xFF & gray[x][y];
histData[red]++;
}
}
// Total number of pixels
int total = w * h;
float sum = 0;
for (int t = 0; t < 256; t++)
sum += t * histData[t];
float sumB = 0;
int wB = 0;
int wF = 0;
float varMax = 0;
int threshold = 0;
for (int t = 0; t < 256; t++) {
wB += histData[t]; // Weight Background
if (wB == 0)
continue;
wF = total - wB; // Weight Foreground
if (wF == 0)
break;
sumB += (float) (t * histData[t]);
float mB = sumB / wB; // Mean Background
float mF = (sum - sumB) / wF; // Mean Foreground
// Calculate Between Class Variance
float varBetween = (float) wB * (float) wF * (mB - mF) * (mB - mF);
// Check if new maximum found
if (varBetween > varMax) {
varMax = varBetween;
threshold = t;
}
}
return threshold;
}
}