java并发编程 笔记十

ReentrantLock

相对于 synchronized 它具备如下特点

• 可中断
• 可以设置超时时间
• 可以设置为公平锁
• 支持多个条件变量

与 synchronized 一样，都支持可重入

基本语法

// 获取锁
reentrantLock.lock();
        try {
        // 临界区
        } finally {
        // 释放锁
        reentrantLock.unlock();
 }

可重入

可重入是指同一个线程如果首次获得了这把锁，那么因为它是这把锁的拥有者，因此有权利再次获取这把锁
如果是不可重入锁，那么第二次获得锁时，自己也会被锁挡住

    static ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        method1();
    }
    public static void method1() {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            log.debug("execute method1");
            method2();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    public static void method2() {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            log.debug("execute method2");
            method3();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    public static void method3() {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            log.debug("execute method3");
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

输出

17:59:11.862 [main] c.TestReentrant - execute method1
17:59:11.865 [main] c.TestReentrant - execute method2
17:59:11.865 [main] c.TestReentrant - execute method3 

可打断

    ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    Thread t1 = new Thread(() -> { 
        log.debug("启动...");
        try {
            lock.lockInterruptibly();
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            log.debug("等锁的过程中被打断");
            return;
        }
        try {
            log.debug("获得了锁");
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }, "t1");
		lock.lock();
        log.debug("获得了锁");
        t1.start();
        try {
        sleep(1);
        t1.interrupt();
        log.debug("执行打断");
        } finally {
        lock.unlock();
        }

18:02:40.520 [main] c.TestInterrupt - 获得了锁
18:02:40.524 [t1] c.TestInterrupt - 启动...
18:02:41.530 [main] c.TestInterrupt - 执行打断
java.lang.InterruptedException
 at
java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.doAcquireInterruptibly(AbstractQueuedSynchr
onizer.java:898)
 at
java.util.concurrent.locks.AbstractQueuedSynchronizer.acquireInterruptibly(AbstractQueuedSynchron
izer.java:1222)
 at java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock.lockInterruptibly(ReentrantLock.java:335)
 at cn.itcast.n4.reentrant.TestInterrupt.lambda$main$0(TestInterrupt.java:17)
 at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)
18:02:41.532 [t1] c.TestInterrupt - 等锁的过程中被打断

注意如果是不可中断模式，那么即使使用了 interrupt 也不会让等待中断

锁超时

立刻失败

if (!lock.tryLock()) {
 log.debug("获取立刻失败，返回");
 return;
 }

超时失败

if (!lock.tryLock(1, TimeUnit.SECONDS)) {
 log.debug("获取等待 1s 后失败，返回");
 return;
 }

使用 tryLock 解决哲学家就餐问题

公平锁

ReentrantLock 默认是不公平的

公平锁一般没有必要，会降低并发度，后面分析原理时会讲解

条件变量

synchronized 中也有条件变量，就是我们讲原理时那个 waitSet 休息室，当条件不满足时进入 waitSet 等待
ReentrantLock 的条件变量比 synchronized 强大之处在于，它是支持多个条件变量的，这就好比
- synchronized 是那些不满足条件的线程都在一间休息室等消息
- 而 ReentrantLock 支持多间休息室，有专门等烟的休息室、专门等早餐的休息室、唤醒时也是按休息室来唤醒

使用要点：

• await 前需要获得锁
• await 执行后，会释放锁，进入 conditionObject 等待
• await 的线程被唤醒（或打断、或超时）取重新竞争 lock 锁
• 竞争 lock 锁成功后，从 await 后继续执行

    static ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
    static Condition waitCigaretteQueue = lock.newCondition();
    static Condition waitbreakfastQueue = lock.newCondition();
    static volatile boolean hasCigrette = false;
    static volatile boolean hasBreakfast = false;
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                lock.lock();
                while (!hasCigrette) {
                    try {
                        waitCigaretteQueue.await();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                log.debug("等到了它的烟");
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }).start();
        new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                lock.lock();
                while (!hasBreakfast) {
                    try {
                        waitbreakfastQueue.await();
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                log.debug("等到了它的早餐");
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }
        }).start();
        sleep(1);
        sendBreakfast();
        sleep(1);
        sendCigarette();
    }
    private static void sendCigarette() {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            log.debug("送烟来了");
            hasCigrette = true;
            waitCigaretteQueue.signal();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }
    private static void sendBreakfast() {
        lock.lock();
        try {
            log.debug("送早餐来了");
            hasBreakfast = true;
            waitbreakfastQueue.signal();
        } finally {
            lock.unlock();
        }
    }

输出

18:52:27.680 [main] c.TestCondition - 送早餐来了
18:52:27.682 [Thread-1] c.TestCondition - 等到了它的早餐
18:52:28.683 [main] c.TestCondition - 送烟来了
18:52:28.683 [Thread-0] c.TestCondition - 等到了它的烟