使用flask实现图书管理

方法一：主要使用sql语句[不易查资料]

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from flask import Flask,render_template,flash,request,redirect,url_for
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
import pymysql
from flask_wtf import FlaskForm
from wtforms import  StringField,SubmitField
from wtforms.validators import DataRequired
app=Flask(__name__)
app.secret_key='itheima'
#创建数据库对象,获取游标
db = pymysql.connect('localhost', user="root", passwd="5366892", db='flask_books',use_unicode=True, charset="utf8",cursorclass=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
cursor=db.cursor()
#定义书和作者模型
cursor.execute('drop table if exists books')#先删除带有外键的
cursor.execute('drop table if exists authors')
sql="""CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `authors` (
    `id` int(11)  AUTO_INCREMENT,
    `name` VARCHAR(16),
    PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB"""
cursor.execute(sql)
sql="""CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `books` (
    `id` int(11)  AUTO_INCREMENT primary key,
    `name` VARCHAR(16),
    `pid` int(11) ,
    FOREIGN KEY (`pid`) REFERENCES authors(`id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB """
cursor.execute(sql)
cursor.close()
#db.close()
#自定义表单类
class AuthorForm(FlaskForm):
    author= StringField('作者',validators=[DataRequired()])
    book=StringField('书籍',validators=[DataRequired()])
    submit = SubmitField('提交')
#网页中删除->点击需要发送书籍的ID给删除书籍的路由->路由需要接受参数
@app.route('/delete_book/<book_id>')
def delete_book(book_id):
    #1查询数据库，是否有该ID的书，如果有就删除，没有就提示错误
    cursor = db.cursor()
    sql_id = "select id from books where id='%s'"#混乱
    cursor.execute(sql_id % book_id)
    cunzai_id = cursor.fetchall()
    #2如果有就删除
    if len(cunzai_id):
        try:
            sql_id = "delete from books where id='%s'"  # 混乱
            cursor.execute(sql_id % book_id)
        except Exception as e:
            flash('删除书籍出错')
    else:
        flash('书籍找不到')


    #3没有就提示错误
    #如何返回当前网址->重定向
    #redirect:重定向，需要传入网络/路由地址
    #url_for('index'):需要传入视图函数名，返回该试图函数对应的路由地址

    return redirect(url_for('index'))
@app.route('/',methods=['GET','POST'])
def index():
    #创建自定义的表单类
    #
    author_form=AuthorForm()
    #1调用WTF的函数实现验证
    if author_form.validate_on_submit():
    #2验证通过的数据
        author_name=author_form.author.data
        book_name=author_form.book.data
    #3查询作者是否存在
        cursor = db.cursor()
        #print(author_name)
        ##传参！
        sql_talk = "select name from authors where name='%s'"
        cursor.execute(sql_talk % author_name)
        cunzai=cursor.fetchall()
        #print(cunzai)
        #如果作者存在
        if  len(cunzai):
            #判断书籍是否存在
            sql_book = "select name from books where name='%s'"
            cursor.execute(sql_book % book_name)
            cunzai_book=cursor.fetchall()
            if len(cunzai_book) :
                flash('已存在同名书籍')
            else:
                try:
                    #没有存在同名书籍，获得作者ID，提交作者ID和书名
                    add_book_name=cunzai[0]['name']
                    #print(name)
                    sql_id="select id from authors where name='%s'"
                    cursor.execute(sql_id % add_book_name)
                    add_book_name= cursor.fetchall()#获得的作者的ID
                    add_book_name_id=add_book_name[0]['id']
                    #print(book_name,add_book_name_id)
                    #cursor.execute('INSERT INTO books(name,pid) VALUES({0},{1})'.format(book_name,add_book_name_id))
                    cursor.execute('insert into books(name,pid) values(%s,%s)',(book_name,add_book_name_id))
                    db.commit()
                except Exception as e:
                    flash('添加书籍失败')
        else:#如果作者不存在，添加作者和书籍
            cursor.execute('insert into authors(name) values(%s)', author_name) #添加作者的名字，ID应该是自己加的
            sql_id = "select id from authors where name='%s'"
            cursor.execute(sql_id % author_name)
            add_book_name = cursor.fetchall()  # 获得的作者的ID
            add_book_name_id = add_book_name[0]['id']
            cursor.execute('insert into books(name,pid) values(%s,%s)', (book_name, add_book_name_id))
            db.commit()
    else:
        if request.method== 'post':
            flash('参数有误')

    #global db
    #查询所有作者信息，让信息传递给模板
    cursor = db.cursor()
    sql = 'select * from authors;'
    cursor.execute(sql)
    authors_cx = cursor.fetchall()
    #sql_1='select books.`name`  AS booksName from authors,books where authors.id=books.pid '
    sql_1 = 'select authors.`name` AS authorsName,books.`name`  AS booksName from authors,books where authors.id=books.pid '
    cursor.execute(sql_1)
    #[{'booksName': '吞噬星空', 'authorsName': '郭敬明'}, {'booksName': '寸芒', 'authorsName': '郭敬明'},
    #{'booksName': '缥缈之旅', 'authorsName': '韩寒'}, {'booksName': '冰火魔厨', 'authorsName': '唐家三少'},
    #{'booksName': '老王回忆录', 'authorsName': '唐家三少'}]
    #cursor.fetchall()
    jieguo_dict=cursor.fetchall()
    authors_cx={}
    for book_dict in jieguo_dict:
        if authors_cx.get(book_dict['authorsName'])==None:
            authors_cx[book_dict['authorsName']]=[]
        authors_cx[book_dict['authorsName']].append(book_dict['booksName'])
   # print(authors_cx)
    #########################################################
    result=[]
    for key in authors_cx:
        author_dict={}
        author_dict['authorsName']=key
        author_dict['booksName']=authors_cx[key]
        result.append(author_dict)

    #print(result)
    cursor.execute('select *  from books')
    books=cursor.fetchall()
    print(books)
    books_form={}
    for book in books:
        book_name=book['name']
        book_id=book['id']
        books_form[book_name]=book_id
    print(books_form)

    return render_template('books.html', authors=result,form=author_form,book_form=books_form)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    cursor = db.cursor()
    sql_insert1='INSERT INTO authors(name) VALUES("郭敬明"),("韩寒"),("唐家三少")'
    cursor.execute(sql_insert1)
    sql_insert2 = 'INSERT INTO books(name,pid) VALUES("吞噬星空",1),("寸芒",1),("缥缈之旅",2),("冰火魔厨",3),("老王回忆录",3)'
    cursor.execute(sql_insert2)
    db.commit()
    '''''
    #result=cursor.execute('select books.`id`,books.`name`,books.`pid`  from books')
    #books=result.fetchall()###沿着错误
    cursor.execute('select *  from books')
    books=cursor.fetchall()
    print(books)
    '''''
    cursor.close()
    # db.close()
    app.run()

books.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form method="post">
    {{form.csrf_token()}}<br>
    {{form.author.label}}{{form.author}}<br>
    {{form.book.label}}{{form.book}}<br>
    {{form.submit}}
        <!--使用遍历获取闪现的消息-->
    {%for message in get_flashed_messages() %}
        {{message}}
    {%endfor%}
</form>
<hr>
    {% for author in authors %}
    <li>{{author.authorsName}}</li>
    <ul>
    {% for book in author.booksName %}
        <li>{{book}}<a href="{{url_for('delete_book' ,book_id=book_form[book])}}">删除</a></li>
    {% endfor %}
    </ul>
    {% endfor %}
</body>
</html>

方法二：使用flask-sqlchemy[简单]

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from flask import Flask,render_template,flash,request,redirect,url_for
from flask_sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemy
from flask_wtf import FlaskForm
from wtforms import StringField,SubmitField
from wtforms.validators import DataRequired

app = Flask(__name__)
#数据库配置
app.secret_key = 'csdnblog'
#app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI'] = 'mysql://root:root@127.0.0.1:3306/flask_books'
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI']='mysql://root:5366892@localhost/flask_books'
app.config['SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS'] = False
db = SQLAlchemy(app)
#作者模型
class Author(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'authors'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(16),unique=True)
    #关系引用
    books = db.relationship('Book',backref='author')
    def __repr__(self):
        return 'Author :%s' % self.name
#书籍模型
class Book(db.Model):
    __tablename__ = 'books'
    id = db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key=True)
    name = db.Column(db.String(16),unique=True)
    author_id = db.Column(db.Integer,db.ForeignKey('authors.id'))
    def __repr__(self):
        return 'Book : %s %s' % (self.name,self.author_id)
#自定义表单类
class AuthorForm(FlaskForm):
    author = StringField('作者',validators=[DataRequired()])
    book = StringField('书籍',validators=[DataRequired()])
    submit = SubmitField('提交')
#删除作者逻辑同删除书籍
@app.route('/delete_author/<author_id>')
def delete_author(author_id):
    author = Author.query.get(author_id)
    if author:
        try:
            #查询完后直接删除
            Book.query.filter_by(author_id=author.id).delete()
            #删除作者
            db.session.delete(author)
            db.session.commit()
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
            flash('删除作者失败')
            db.session.rollback()
    else:
            # 书籍不存在提示错误
        flash('作者没有找到')

    return redirect(url_for('index'))
#删除书籍 - -->网页中删除 - -->点击需要发送书籍的ID给删除书籍的路由 - -->路由需要接收参数
#传入书籍ID
@app.route('/delete_book/<book_id>')
def delete_book(book_id):
    #查询是否存在该ID的书
    book= Book.query.get(book_id)
    #如果有就删除
    if book:
        try:
            db.session.delete(book)
            db.session.commit()
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
            flash('删除书籍失败')
            db.session.rollback()
    else:
        #书籍不存在提示错误
        flash('书籍没有找到')
    #url_for传入视图函数名返回该视图函数对应的路由地址
    return redirect(url_for('index'))

@app.route('/',methods=['POST','GET'])
def index():
    author_form = AuthorForm()
    #调用WTF函数实现验证
    if author_form.validate_on_submit():
        #验证通过获取数据
        author_name = author_form.author.data
        book_name = author_form.book.data
        #判断作者是否存在
        author = Author.query.filter_by(name = author_name).first()
        #如果作者存在
        if author:
            #判断书籍是否存在
            book = Book.query.filter_by(name = book_name).first()
            #有就提示重复
            if book:
                flash('已存在同名书籍')
            #没有重复书籍就添加数据
            else:
                try:
                    new_book = Book(name=book_name,author_id=author.id)
                    db.session.add(new_book)
                    db.session.commit()
                except Exception as e:
                    print(e)
                    flash('添加书籍失败')
                    db.session.rollback()
        #如果作者不存在添加作者书籍
        else:
            try:
                new_author = Author(name=author_name)
                db.session.add(new_author)
                db.session.commit()
                new_book = Book(name=book_name,author_id=new_author.id)
                db.session.add(new_book)
                db.session.commit()
            except Exception as e:
                print(e)
                flash('添加作者和书籍失败')
                db.session.rollback()
    #验证不通过就提示错误
    else:
        if request.method == 'POST':
            flash('参数不全')


    authors = Author.query.all()
    return render_template('books1.html',authors=authors,form = author_form)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    db.drop_all()
    db.create_all()
    #生成数据
    au1 = Author(name='老王')
    au2 = Author(name='老宋')
    au3 = Author(name='老刘')
    db.session.add_all([au1,au2,au3])
    db.session.commit()

    bk1 = Book(name='老王回忆录',author_id=au1.id)
    bk2 = Book(name='我读书少你别骗我',author_id=au1.id)
    bk3 = Book(name='如何征服美丽少女',author_id=au2.id)
    bk4 = Book(name='如何征服美丽少男',author_id=au2.id)
    bk5 = Book(name='如何使自己变得更骚',author_id=au3.id)
    bk6 = Book(name='我变秃了，也变强了',author_id=au3.id)
    db.session.add_all([bk1, bk2, bk3,bk4,bk5,bk6])
    db.session.commit()
    app.run(debug=True)

books1.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<form method="post">
    {{ form.csrf_token() }}
    {{ form.author.label }}{{ form.author }}<br>
    {{ form.book.label }}{{ form.book }}<br>
    {{ form.submit }}<br>
    {% for message in get_flashed_messages() %}
        {{ message }}
    {% endfor %}

</form>
<hr>
<ul>
    {% for author in authors %}
        <li>{{ author.name }}<a href="{{ url_for("delete_author",author_id = author.id) }}">删除</a></li>
        <ul>
        {% for book in author.books %}
            <li>{{ book.name }}<a href="{{ url_for("delete_book",book_id = book.id) }}">删除</a></li>
        {% else %}
            <li>无</li>
        {% endfor %}
        </ul>
    {% endfor %}
</ul>


</body>
</html>

以前写的，网上不大好查资料，和伙伴交流最终两种方法都实现了！开森~