英语语法日记Day5——主从句之定语从句

英语语法日记——主从句之定语从句

• 定语从句
  1、定义：修饰、先定名次或代词的一个句子，是后置定语的一种
  2、先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词
  3、引导词：引导从句、弱化从句、连接主句和从句、表达先行词的意思、在从句中充当成分

• 定语从句解密
  1、规则1：若先行词是物，定语从句关系词用which，在从句中充当主语或宾语：
  I enjoy reading the book which is about Chinese culture.
  The ticket he bought today is available for two months.
  2、规则2：若先行词是人，关系词在从句中充当主语时用who，充当宾语时用whom（关系词在从句中作宾语时可以省略）：
  The man is my teacher who speaks fluent English.
  The woman (whom) I interviewed is a great scientist.
  3、规则3：当先行词与从句中某个名词有所属关系，表达“…的”意思，定于从句引导词用whose：
  I know a man whose brother is a doctor.
  4、规则4：若先行词是时间类名词（如day、year等），关系词用when：
  She still remember the day when she received her master’s degree.
  5、规则5：若先行词是地点类名词（如place、house、school等），关系词用where：
  This is a park where we met for the first time.
  6、若先行词是名词reason，关系词用why：
  I konw the reason why he missed the lecture.

• 限定性定从/非限定性定从
  1、限定性定从：主句和从句之间无逗号隔开，先行词范围模糊，一定需要修饰或界定：
  I don’t like people who are never on time.
  2、非限定性定从：主句和从句之间有逗号隔开，先行词范围明确，从句只起补充说明作用：
  Einstein,who was a great scientist,created the theory of relativity.
  3、注意：当先行词为以下情况，其后只能接非限定性定从：
  （1）先行词时具有唯一性的名词或代词（如sun、moon、mother）：
  His mother,who graduated from Harvard,is his role model.
  （2）先行词是专有名词（如人名，地名，公司名等）：
  Jason works at Google,which is a world famous company.
  （3）先行词是一个句子（此时引导词只能用which或as）：
  He was late for an hour,which annoyed his girlfriend.
  As we all know,James is a famous player.

• 介词提前的定语从句
  关系词只能用which或whom：
  She is the actress about whom we talked just now.
  The environment in which we live is polluted.
  Here is a pen with which you can sign your name.
  Mr.Smith is the person to whom you should apologize.

• 定语从句的分隔情况
  先行词和引导词之间插入了其他成分：
  A new teacher will be here tomorrow who will teach you English.
  The days are gone when most people were illiterate

• 关系词的特殊用法
  1、不管先行词是人还是物，在从句中作主语还是宾语，都可用that
  2、有些情况，只能用that：
  （1）说法绝对：先行词出现绝对性描述，如the only,everyone,everything,all,none,anything,anyone
  （2）当先行词前有序数词时，如the first,the seconed,the last
  （3）先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时
  （4）人物并现
  3、以下两种特殊情况不能使用that：
  （1）that不能引导非限定性定语从句
  （2）定于从句前面有介词时，关系词不能用that