英语语法日记Day6——主从句之名词性从句

英语语法日记——主从句之名词性从句

• 名词性从句
  1、分类：宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、同位语从句
  2、注意事项：
  （1）四种名词性从句的写法基本一致，只是位置不同
  （2）从句部分都采用陈述句语序
  （3）引导词特点：引导、弱化从句，连接主句和从句，分为三类（陈述句、一般疑问句——只能用Yes/No回答、特殊疑问句）

• 宾语从句
  1、在一个句子中充当宾语成分的从句
  2、规则1：当陈述句充当另一个句子的宾语从句时，引导词用that，that不表达任何词义：
  We know that the earth is round.
  3、规则2：当一般疑问句充当另一个句子的宾语从句时，引导词用whether或if，表达“是否”的词义：
  I don’t know whether he will sign the contract.
  4、规则3：当特殊疑问句充当另一个句子的宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词，引导词表达其原始词义：
  We don’t know where he comes from.
  注意：特殊疑问词在从句中作主语时无需调整从句语序：
  We don’t know who will chair the meeting.
  5、宾语从句的位置：
  （1）主+谓+宾从：
  The author maintains that women are biased professionally.
  （2）主+谓+间宾+直宾：
  He asked me whether he should accept the invitation.
  They gave who came to the meeting a souvenir.
  （3）介词+宾从：
  Thereis disagreement among economists about how inflation could be controlled.
  6、it作形式宾语：
  公式：主+谓+it+宾补+宾语从句
  She considers it necessary that she investigates the case by herself.
  The school makes it a rule that all students should not use phones in class.

• 表语从句
  1、定义：在一个句子中充当表语的从句
  2、规则1：当陈述句充当另一个句子的表语从句时，引导词用that，that不表达任何词义：
  The ttrouble is that I have lost his address.
  3、规则2：当一般疑问句充当另一个句子的表语从句时，引导词用whether，表达“是否”的词义：
  The question is whether the book is worth reading.
  4、规则3：当特殊疑问句充当另一个句子的表语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词，引导词表达其原始词义：
  The question is How we can find him.

• 主语从句
  1、定义：在一句话中充当主语的从句
  2、规则1：当陈述句充当另一个句子的主语从句时，引导词用that，that不表达任何词义：
  That he finished the assignment in such a short time surprised us.
  3、规则2：当一般疑问句充当另一个句子的主语从句时，引导词用whether，表达“是否”的词义：
  Whether they will attend the lecture remains unknow.
  4、规则3：当特殊疑问句充当另一个句子的主语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词，引导词表达其原始词义：
  Why he refused to cooperate with us remains unknown.
  5、it作形式主语：当句子主语是从句时，可以用it作形式主语，将it置于句首，把真正的主语移到句尾：
  It surprised us that he finished the assignment in such a short time .
  It remains unknow whether they will attend the lecture .
  It remains unknow why he refused to cooperate with us.

• 同位语从句
  1、定义：在一句话中充当同位语的从句
  2、规则1：当陈述句充当另一个句子的同位语从句时，引导词用that，that不表达任何词义：
  The rumor that Tom was a thief turned out to be untrue.
  We can arrive at the conclusion that the trend will continue in the coming years.
  3、规则2：当一般疑问句充当另一个句子的同位语从句时，引导词用whether，表达“是否”的词义：
  Scientists have argued over the question whether there is life on other planets.
  4、规则3：当特殊疑问句充当另一个句子的同位语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词，引导词表达其原始词义：
  The question who should be in charge of the project requires serious consideration.
  5、同位语从句 VS 定语从句：
  同位语从句：解释说明名词是什么、位于抽象名词后面、引导词that在从句中不充当成分：
  The news that he will resign is true.
  定语从句：修饰限定名词的范围、位于任意名词后面、that在从句中充当成分:
  The news that surprised us is true.
  6、同位语从句的间隔情况：
  同位语从句通常跟在它解释说明的名词后面，但有些情况，其不紧跟在名词后，而被其他的词隔开：
  Evidence came up that specific sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.
  A thought suddenly occured to me that I might have been cheated.