英语语法日记Day4——主从句之状语从句

英语语法日记——主从句之状语从句

• 主从句
  1、定义：主从句是指由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子，从句在主句中充当句子成分，从句是主句的组成部分，相当于主句中的一个“词”
  2、引导词特点：引导从句、弱化从句、连接主句和从句
  3、种类：状语从句、定语从句、名词性从句

• 状语从句
  1、定义：在句子中充当状语的从句
  2、种类：
  when：时间状语从句
  where：地点状语从句
  why：原因、目的、结果状语从句
  how：条件、让步、方式、比较状语从句
  3、状语从句引导词（从属连词）决定状语从句的类型

• 时间状语从句
  1、常用引导词：when，当…的时候
  When he left his country,he has penniless.
  特殊：when it comes to…，“关于、说到”
  When it comes to success,people’s opinions vary.
  2、常用引导词：while，当…的时候（持续的时间段）
  While Mary was writing a letter,the children were playing outside.
  Strike while the iron is hot.（趁热打铁）
  特殊：可用于强调对比和差异：
  I am studying English while the others are shopping online.
  3、常用引导词：as，“一边…一边”
  The students took notes as the listened.
  特殊：可用于强调主句动作发生的背景或条件，“随着”：
  As Chinese economy develops,people enjoy better living standards.
  ( With the development of Chinese economy,…) _with+名词
  4、常用引导词：until/till，“直到…的时候”，not …untli ，“直到…才”
  注意：主句是肯定句时，应用延续性动词（eg.work,stay,study,wait），主句为否定句时，应用瞬间动词（eg.come,go,leave,finish）：
  She slept until her mother came in.
  She didn’t get up until her mother came in.
  5、特殊引导词：as soon as,immediately,instantly,the instant,the moment，“一…就…”
  We will send the goods to you as soon as we receive the payment.
  The machine will start instantly/immediately the button is pressed.
  We haven’t seen each other for 20 years,but I recognized him the instant/the moment I saw him.
  6、特殊引导词：the day,the year,every time,by the time
  He left Europe the year/the day World War 2 borke out.
  Every time he listens to her davice,he gets into trouble.
  By the time he was thirty,he had travelled more than 50 countries.

• 地点状语从句
  1、常见引导词：where，“在…的地方”
  A driver should slow domn where there are schools.
  Where there is a will,there is a way.（有志者，事竟成）

• 原因状语从句
  1、常见引导词：because（语气最强，能回到why提出的本题，可以被simply,only等词修饰）,as,since（since,as 后一般跟明显的、双方都知道的事实）
  He did not show up simply because he is ill.
  Since/As we don’t have class tomorrrow,why not go out for a picnic.
  2、特殊引导词：seeing that,now that,given that,considering that，”
  既然，鉴于”
  Seeing that he has been ill,he is unlikely to come.
  Now that you are eightteen,you can get a driver’s license.
  You should speak catiously,given that/considering that the boss is bad-tempered.
  3、短语介词：because of ,due to,owing to（+名词）
  Because he was careless,he missed the chance.
  Because of/Due to/Owing to his carelessness ,he missed the chance.
  4、特殊引导词：in that，“因为”
  注意：in that 不能放句首
  I’m in a dilemma in that I have to choose form two great jobs.
  5、注意：
  （1）because不能和so同时引导两个句子
  （2）because引导从句不能用句号直接结束（适用所有主从句）
  When I was young . I like to play basketball. (X)
  When I was young , I like to play basketball. (√)

• 目的状语从句
  1、常用连接词：so that,in order that，“为了…”
  特点：从句中常有情态动词
  I spoke slowly and clearly so that/in order that the audience could understand me.
  注意：in order to后面只能跟动词短语，且主句和从句不一致时，不能使用in order to.
  I am determined to sit for the test in order that I will have a promising future.
  I am determined to sit for the test in order to have a promising future.
  I am determined to sit for the test in order that my family will be happy.
  2、特殊连接词： in case,for fear that,lest，“以免，唯恐”
  Be quiet in case you should wake the baby.

• 结果状语从句
  1、常用引导词：so…that（so+adj/adv）,such…that（such+n），“如此，以至于”。
  Peter is so nice that we all like him.
  This is such an interesting book that I enjoy reading it again and again.

• 条件状语从句
  1、常见引导词：if
  注意：
  （1）if 引导真实条件句表示将来可能发生的事情，if 从句用现在时表示将来的概念：
  If it rains tomorrow,we will cancel the plan.
  （2）if 引导条件句中表示的非真实的假设或不可能发生的事情，用虚拟语气：
  If he should come here tomorrow,I would talk to him.
  2、常见引导词：unless = if not，“除非”
  I won’t go unless you promise me to do the homework.
  3、特殊引导词：suppose/supoosing(that)（假如，一般放句首）,as/so long as（只要）,provided/providing(that),on condition that（条件是）。
  Suppose that you have one billion dollars,how would you spend it?
  As/So long as you don’t give up,there are chances to succeed.
  He will sign the contract provided that we offer more favorable terms.

• 让步状语从句
  1、常用引导词：although/though(不能和but同时引导两个句子)，“尽管，即使”
  2、引导词：while，“尽管“
  While three was no conclusive evidence ,most people thought he was guilty.
  3、引导词：as，”尽管“，as引导的让步状语从句，一般需要倒装
  Young as he is,he has made great achievements.
  4、短语介词：despite,in spite of(+n)

• 方式状语从句
  1、引导词：as，”以…的方式”
  She stayed in bed as the doctor had told her.
  When in Rome,do as the Romans do.（入乡随俗）
  2、引导词：as if,as though，“仿佛…似的”
  注意：所说情况时事实或实现的可能性较大时，从句用陈述语气，否则用虚拟语气
  He looks as if he doesn’t care about her.
  He looks as if he didn’t care about her.
  3、特殊引导词：(just)as … so…，“正如…”，置于句首，带有比喻含义
  Just as/As water is to fish ,so air is to man.

• 比较状语从句
  1、引导词：as…as （同级比较）
  He is as mean as his father(is).
  The task is not as/so difficult as you assume.
  2、引导词：than（不同程度的比较），只有两个同类事物才能被比较
  I am more ambitious than him.
  He is less reliable than I.
  3、引导词：The more…the more…
  The more exactly you use your words,the more easily people will understand you.