Java 深拷贝和浅拷贝

参考链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/94dbef2de298

1.赋值： Student studentB = studentA

在这种情况下没有生成新的对象，二者的对象地址是一样的。

studentA:[Student: 460141958,subject:[Subject: 1163157884,name:lishi],name:Lily,age:18]
studentB:[Student: 460141958,subject:[Subject: 1163157884,name:lishi],name:Lily,age:18]

2.浅拷贝： Student studentB = (Student) studentA.clone()

在这种情况下生成了新的对象，指向不一样的地址空间，但是其中的引用类型subject修改后会影响另一个的subject。

studentA:[Student: 460141958,subject:[Subject: 1163157884,name:lishi],name:Lynn,age:20]
studentB:[Student: 1956725890,subject:[Subject: 1163157884,name:lishi],name:Lily,age:18]

3.深拷贝：在拷贝引用类型成员变量时，为引用类型的数据成员另辟了一个独立的内存空间，实现真正内容上的拷贝。

深拷贝的实现：

public class Subject implements Cloneable {

    private String name;

    public Subject(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
        //Subject 如果也有引用类型的成员属性，也应该和 Student 类一样实现
        return super.clone();
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "[Subject: " + this.hashCode() + ",name:" + name + "]";
    }
}

public class Student implements Cloneable {

    //引用类型
    private Subject subject;
    //基础数据类型
    private String name;
    private int age;

    public Subject getSubject() {
        return subject;
    }

    public void setSubject(Subject subject) {
        this.subject = subject;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    /**
     *  重写clone()方法
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public Object clone() {
        //深拷贝
        try {
            // 直接调用父类的clone()方法
            Student student = (Student) super.clone();
            student.subject = (Subject) subject.clone();
            return student;
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            return null;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "[Student: " + this.hashCode() + ",subject:" + subject + ",name:" + name + ",age:" + age + "]";
    }
}

public class ShallowCopy {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Subject subject = new Subject("yuwen");
        Student studentA = new Student();
        studentA.setSubject(subject);
        studentA.setName("Lynn");
        studentA.setAge(20);
        Student studentB = (Student) studentA.clone();
        studentB.setName("Lily");
        studentB.setAge(18);
        Subject subjectB = studentB.getSubject();
        subjectB.setName("lishi");
        System.out.println("studentA:" + studentA.toString());
        System.out.println("studentB:" + studentB.toString());
    }
}

studentA:[Student: 460141958,subject:[Subject: 1163157884,name:yuwen],name:Lynn,age:20]
studentB:[Student: 1956725890,subject:[Subject: 356573597,name:lishi],name:Lily,age:18]

深拷贝后，不管是基础数据类型还是引用类型的成员变量，修改其值都不会相互造成影响。