SSM(SpringMVC+Spring+MyBatis)框架的整合

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-06 23:39:43 发布

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一、SSM框架的整合

需求：借助SSM框架从数据库中查询出所有信息，并将这些信息转发给jsp页面展示
1.创建数据库表

CREATE DATABASE ssm;
USE ssm; 
CREATE TABLE account( 
   id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, 
   NAME VARCHAR(20),  
   money DOUBLE 
)

2.创建maven项目，导入pom依赖

<properties>
  <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  <maven.compiler.source>1.7</maven.compiler.source>
  <maven.compiler.target>1.7</maven.compiler.target>
  <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
  <slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
  <log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version>
  <mysql.version>5.1.6</mysql.version>
  <mybatis.version>3.4.5</mybatis.version>
</properties>

<dependencies>
  <!-- spring -->
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId>
    <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
    <version>1.6.8</version>
  </dependency>

  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
    <version>${spring.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
    <version>${spring.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
    <version>${spring.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
    <version>${spring.version}</version>
  </dependency>

  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
    <version>${spring.version}</version>
  </dependency>

  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
    <version>${spring.version}</version>
  </dependency>

  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
    <version>${spring.version}</version>
  </dependency>

  <dependency>
    <groupId>junit</groupId>
    <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
    <version>4.12</version>
    <scope>compile</scope>
  </dependency>

  <dependency>
    <groupId>mysql</groupId>
    <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
    <version>${mysql.version}</version>
  </dependency>

  <dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
    <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
    <version>2.5</version>
    <scope>provided</scope>
  </dependency>

  <dependency>
    <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
    <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
    <version>2.0</version>
    <scope>provided</scope>
  </dependency>

  <dependency>
    <groupId>jstl</groupId>
    <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
    <version>1.2</version>
  </dependency>

  <!-- log start -->
  <dependency>
    <groupId>log4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
    <version>${log4j.version}</version>
  </dependency>

  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
    <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
  </dependency>

  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
    <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
  </dependency>        <!-- log end -->
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
    <version>${mybatis.version}</version>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
    <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
    <version>1.3.0</version>
  </dependency>

  <dependency>
    <groupId>c3p0</groupId>
    <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
    <version>0.9.1.2</version>
    <type>jar</type>
    <scope>compile</scope>
  </dependency>
  <dependency>
    <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
    <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
    <version>1.18.12</version>
    <scope>compile</scope>
  </dependency>

3.分别编写pojo实体类、dao接口、service接口和实现类

pojo实体类

package com.bianyiit.pojo;

import lombok.Data;

@Data
public class Account {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Double money;
}

dao接口

package com.bianyiit.dao;

import com.bianyiit.pojo.Account;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Insert;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import java.util.List;

@Repository
public interface AccountDao {
    /*查询所有用户*/
    @Select("select * from account")
    List<Account> findAll();

    /*新增用户*/
    @Insert("insert into account(name,money) values(#{name},#{money})")
    void saveAccount(Account account);
}

service接口

package com.bianyiit.service;

import com.bianyiit.pojo.Account;

import java.util.List;

public interface AccountService {
    List<Account> findAll();
    void saveAccount(Account account);
}

service实现类

package com.bianyiit.service.impl;

import com.bianyiit.dao.AccountDao;
import com.bianyiit.pojo.Account;
import com.bianyiit.service.AccountService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

@Service
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {

    @Autowired
    private AccountDao accountDao;

    @Override
    public List<Account> findAll() {
        return accountDao.findAll();
    }

    @Override
    public void saveAccount(Account account) {

    }
}

4.搭建spring环境，在resources下面添加一个applicationContext.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

    <!--开启包扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bianyiit">
        <!--配置哪些注解不扫描-->
        <context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>
    <!--配置连接池数据源-->
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql:///ssm" />
        <property name="username" value="root" />
        <property name="password" value="123" />
    </bean>
    <!--配置平台事务管理器-->
    <bean id="dataSourceTransactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
    </bean>
    <!--使用aop增强开启声明式事务-->
    <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="dataSourceTransactionManager">
        <tx:attributes>
            <!--只读事务-->
            <tx:method name="findAll" read-only="true"/>
            <tx:method name="*" isolation="DEFAULT"></tx:method>
        </tx:attributes>
    </tx:advice>
    <aop:config>
        <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut="execution(* com.bianyiit.service.impl.AccountServiceImpl.saveAccount(..))"></aop:advisor>
    </aop:config>
    <!--spring整合mybatis只需要配置数据源、sqlsession工厂、配置dao扫描-->
    <!-- 配置SqlSession的工厂 -->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <!--通过连接池构建Session工厂-->
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    </bean>
    <!-- 配置扫描dao的包 -->
    <bean id="mapperScanner" class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
        <property name="basePackage" value="com.bianyiit.dao"/>
    </bean>
</beans>

5.搭建springmvc环境，在resources下创建springmvc.xml配置文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd">
    <!-- 扫描controller的注解，别的不扫描 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.bianyiit">
        <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>

    <!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
    <bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <!-- JSP文件所在的目录 -->
        <property name="prefix" value="/pages/" />
        <!-- 文件的后缀名 -->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>
    <!-- 设置静态资源不过滤 -->
    <mvc:resources location="/css/" mapping="/css/**" />
    <mvc:resources location="/images/" mapping="/images/**" />
    <mvc:resources location="/js/" mapping="/js/**" />
    <!-- 开启对SpringMVC注解的支持 -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
</beans>

6.在webapp/WEB-INF/web.xml中配置前端控制器，初始化Spring的IOC容器

<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
 "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
 "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >

<web-app>
  <display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
  <!-- 配置加载类路径的配置文件 -->
  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>
  <!-- 配置Spring的监听器：ContextLoaderListener监听器的作用就是启动Web容器时，自动装配ApplicationContext的配置信息-->
  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
  <!-- 配置前端控制器：服务器启动必须加载，需要加载springmvc.xml配置文件 -->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <!-- 配置初始化参数，创建完DispatcherServlet对象，加载springmvc.xml配置文件 -->
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <!-- 服务器启动的时候，让DispatcherServlet对象创建 -->
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

7.在web层创建AccountController

package com.bianyiit.web;

import com.bianyiit.pojo.Account;
import com.bianyiit.service.AccountService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import java.util.List;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/account")
public class AccountController {

    @Autowired
    private AccountService accountService;

    @RequestMapping("/findAll")
    public String findAll(Model model){
        List<Account> list = accountService.findAll();
        model.addAttribute("list",list);
        return "list";
    }
}

8.在webapp目录下创建index.jsp，记住要开启对EL表达式的支持

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <a href="/account/findAll">查询所有用户信息</a>
</body>
</html>

9.在webapp目录下创建一个pages目录，在该目录下创建list.jsp界面

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
    <c:forEach var="list" items="${list}">
        ${list.id}
        ${list.name}
        ${list.money}<br>
    </c:forEach>
</body>
</html>

10.在tomcat上部署该SSM框架项目，查询出所有数据并显示在list.jsp界面中

二、SSM框架加载过程的解析

1.Tomcat加载SSM框架的过程解析

1.启动Tomcat之后，Tomcat会读取webapp/WEB-INF目录下的web.xml配置文件   
	注意：web.xml的加载顺序是：[context-param -> listener -> filter -> servlet ->spring]
2.首先Tomcat会读取web.xml中两个节点<context-param></context-param>和<listener></listener>
3.接着Tomcat会创建一个ServletContext,WEB项目的任意位置都会共享这个ServeltContext(通过ServletContext可以获取项目的虚拟路径、项目发布到tomcat中的磁盘路径、获取文件的MIME类型)
4.然后Tomcat将读取的<context-param></context-param>中的param-name和param-value转换成键值对contextConfigLocation：classpath:applicationContext.xml，然后存放在ServletContext中
5.接着Tomcat会创建<listener></listener>中类的实例，也就是创建监听器对象ContextLoaderListener，这时执行ContextLoaderListener中的初始化方法contextInitialized(),在这个方法里面有一个初始化SpringIOC容器的方法initWebApplicationContext()最后返回一个WebApplicationContext对象

6.接着Tomcat会加载filter标签，在filter中我们配置了编码过滤器CharacterEncodingFilter，并配置了一些参数，其中encoding用来指定编码格式，forceEncoding表示是否强制response的编码格式也是encoding格式

7.接着Tomcat会加载servlet标签，在servlet标签中我们配置了前端控制器DispatcherServlet，并配置初始化参数，创建完DispatcherServlet对象，并载入springmvc.xml配置文件
	注意:ContextLoaderListener载入的是除DispatcherServlet之外的其他的上下文配置文件，而Spring MVC的配置文件是在DispatcherServlet中设置的。
	
8.web.xml配置文件已经走完了，由于加载的顺序是先加载spring的配置文件，然后再加载springmvc的配置文件，因此springmvc的配置的@Controller也是应该属于spring容器管理，所以我们先去applicationContext.xml中查看springIOC容器都配置了一些什么
9.进入applicationContext.xml配置文件中，context:component-scan先开启service,dao包扫描，exclude-filter不开启@Controller注解标识的web包下的类之外的包的注解支持，因为Controller是由springmvc管理的
10.在applicationContext.xml中配置连接池数据源dataSource、配置平台事务管理器dataSourceTransactionManager、配置spring的aop开启声明式事务

11.由于spring需要整合mybatis，所以需要先配置SqlSessionFactoryBean，在这个类中通过sqlsessionFactoryBuilder.build(configuration)得到一个SqlSessionFactoryBean对象
12.然后继续配置MapperScannerConfigurer扫描所有的mybatis里面的mapper接口，然后在MapperScannerConfigurer里面的SqlsessionTemplate中根据传入的SqsessionFactory得到一个sqlsession对象，然后调用内部的getMapper(...)得到mapper接口的具体代理对象，在这之后我们已经不用手写mybatis的启动代码了，直接可以使用对应mapper接口的具体代理对象

13.此时所有applicationContext.xml已经走完，这时已经开启了spring的注解支持，service和dao都可以通过@Service和@Repository注解标识，并且都交给了spring容器管理，而且此时已经启动了mybatis，并且得到了dao包下所有接口的代理对象
14.打开springmvc.xml，打开注解对于Controller的支持，然后在这个配置文件中配置视图解析器，设置静态资源不过滤

2.模拟用户在浏览器中点击“查看所有用户列表”，从数据库取出数据之后放入jsp界面显示的全过程

三、Ajax异步请求结合SSM框架完成对数据的添加操作，然后反馈信息给前端进行界面局部刷新

1.基本的项目框架搭建和上述第一部分的SSM框架的项目环境搭建一致
2.前端html页面如下所示

<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
    <script src="js/jquery-1.11.0.min.js"></script>
    <script>
        $(function () {
            $("#btn_submit").click(function () {
                $.ajax({
                    url:"/account/saveAccount",
                    dataType:"json",
                    type:"post",
                    data:$("#regisForm").serialize(),
                    success:function (data) {
                        $("#MessageStates").html("")
                        for (var i = 0; i < data.data.length ; i++) {
                            var div_msg=data.data[i].id+" "+data.data[i].name+" "+data.data[i].money+"<br>"
                            $("#MessageStates").append(div_msg)
                        }
                    }
                })
            })
        })
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <a href="/account/findAll">查询所有用户信息</a>
    <form id="regisForm">
        姓名：<input type="text" name="name" id="name">
        金钱：<input type="text" name="money" id="money">
    </form>
    <button id="btn_submit">提交</button>
    <%--添加之后查询数据库的数据显示在下述div中--%>
    <div id="MessageStates"></div>
</body>
</html>

2.后台AccountController

package com.bianyiit.web;

import com.bianyiit.pojo.Account;
import com.bianyiit.pojo.ResultInfo;
import com.bianyiit.service.AccountService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;

import java.util.List;

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/account")
public class AccountController {

    @Autowired
    private AccountService accountService;

    @Autowired
    private ResultInfo resultInfo;

    @RequestMapping(path = "/saveAccount")
    public @ResponseBody ResultInfo saveAccount(Account account){
        Integer add_int = accountService.saveAccount(account);
        if(add_int>0){
            List<Account> accountList = accountService.findAll();
            resultInfo.setFlag(true);
            resultInfo.setData(accountList);
        }else{
            resultInfo.setFlag(false);
            resultInfo.setErrorMsg("添加用户失败");
        }
        return resultInfo;
    }
}

3.resultInfo实体类用来封装操作完成之后的信息

package com.bianyiit.pojo;

import lombok.Data;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.io.Serializable;
/**
 * 用于封装后端返回前端数据对象
 */
@Component
@Data
public class ResultInfo implements Serializable {
    private boolean flag;//后端返回结果正常为true，发生异常返回false
    private Object data;//后端返回结果数据对象
    private String errorMsg;//发生异常的错误消息
}

4.AccountService

package com.bianyiit.service.impl;

import com.bianyiit.dao.AccountDao;
import com.bianyiit.pojo.Account;
import com.bianyiit.service.AccountService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

@Service
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {

    @Autowired
    private AccountDao accountDao;

    @Override
    public List<Account> findAll() {
        return accountDao.findAll();
    }

    @Override
    public Integer saveAccount(Account account) {
        return accountDao.saveAccount(account);
    }
}

5.AccountDao

package com.bianyiit.dao;

import com.bianyiit.pojo.Account;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Insert;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

import java.util.List;

@Repository
public interface AccountDao {
    /*查询所有用户*/
    @Select("select * from account")
    List<Account> findAll();

    /*新增用户*/
    @Insert("insert into account(id,name,money) values(#{id},#{name},#{money})")
    Integer saveAccount(Account account);
}

6.界面结果展示