异常处理的思路
系统中异常包括两类:预期异常和运行时异常RuntimeException,前者通过捕获异常从而获取异常信息,后者主要通过规范代码开发、测试等手段减少运行时异常的发生
系统的Dao、Service、Controller出现都通过throws Exception向上抛出,最后由SpringMVC前端控制器交由异常处理器进行异常处理
异常处理两种方式
使用Spring MVC提供的简单异常处理器SimpleMappingExceptionResolver
实现Spring的异常处理接口HandlerExceptionResolver自定义自己的异常处理器
简单异常处理器SimpleMappingExceptionResolver
SpringMVC已经定义好了该类型转换器,在使用时可以根据项目情况进行相应的异常与驶入的映射配置 ,他会自行匹配
<!--配置异常处理器-->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
<property name="defaultErrorView" value="error"/><!--只要有错误它会自动跳转到错误的页面-->
<property name="exceptionMappings">
<map>
<entry key="java.lang.ClassCastException" value="error1"></entry>
<entry key="com.zg.exception.MyException" value="error2"></entry>
</map>
</property>
</bean>
自定义异常处理步骤
1、创建异常处理器实现HandlerExceptionResolver
package com.zg.resolver;
import com.zg.exception.MyException;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerExceptionResolver;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class MyExceptionResolver implements HandlerExceptionResolver {
@Override
//Exception:是报异常的异常对象
//返回值ModelAndView:需要跳转的错误视图信息
public ModelAndView resolveException(HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Object o, Exception e) {
ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
if (e instanceof MyException){
modelAndView.addObject("info","自定义异常");
}else if (e instanceof ClassCastException){
modelAndView.addObject("info","类转换异常");
}
modelAndView.setViewName("error");
return modelAndView;
}
}
2、配置异常处理器
<bean class="com.zg.resolver.MyExceptionResolver"/>
3、编写异常页面
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ page isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>通用的错误提示页面</h1>
<h1>${info}</h1>
</body>
</html>
4、测试异常跳转
package com.zg.controller;
import com.zg.exception.MyException;
import com.zg.service.DemoService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
@Controller
public class DemoController {
@Autowired
private DemoService demoService;
@RequestMapping(value = "/show")
public String show() throws FileNotFoundException, MyException {
System.out.println("show running......");
demoService.show1();
return "index";
}
}