多线程 锁（synchronized）

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多线程锁synchronized

 

作用：多线程中对共享数据操作时，需要加锁保证线程安全

 

锁的分类：

对象锁：synchronized加在普通方法上、同步语句块获取对象锁

类锁：synchronized加在静态方法上、同步语句块获取类锁

 

 

************************

示例

 

class Lock{

    public synchronized void fun(){
        System.out.println("开始执行fun方法："+System.currentTimeMillis());

        try{
            Thread.sleep(2000);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println("fun方法执行结束："+System.currentTimeMillis()+"\n");
    }

    public synchronized void fun2(){
        System.out.println("开始执行fun2方法："+System.currentTimeMillis());

        try{
            Thread.sleep(2000);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println("fun2方法执行结束："+System.currentTimeMillis()+"\n");

    }
}

class MyThread implements Runnable{

    private boolean flag;
    private Lock lock;
    private CountDownLatch countDownLatch;

    public MyThread(){

    }

    public MyThread(boolean flag,Lock lock,CountDownLatch countDownLatch){
        this.flag=flag;
        this.lock=lock;
        this.countDownLatch=countDownLatch;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        if (flag){
            lock.fun();
        }else {
            lock.fun2();
        }

        countDownLatch.countDown();
    }
}

public class Test {

    public static void main(String[] args){
        Lock lock=new Lock();
        CountDownLatch countDownLatch=new CountDownLatch(2);

        MyThread thread=new MyThread(true,lock,countDownLatch);
        MyThread thread2=new MyThread(false,lock,countDownLatch);

        ExecutorService executorService= Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
        executorService.submit(thread);
        executorService.submit(thread2);

        try {
            countDownLatch.await();
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        executorService.shutdown();
    }
}

 

*************************

控制台输出

 

开始执行fun方法：1621127025912
fun方法执行结束：1621127027925

开始执行fun2方法：1621127027925
fun2方法执行结束：1621127029937

fun、fun2同步执行：fun、fun2获取同一个对象锁

 

 

************************

示例 2

 

class Lock{

    public synchronized static void fun(){
        System.out.println("开始执行fun方法："+System.currentTimeMillis());

        try{
            Thread.sleep(2000);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println("fun方法执行结束："+System.currentTimeMillis()+"\n");
    }

    public synchronized void fun2(){
        System.out.println("开始执行fun2方法："+System.currentTimeMillis());

        try{
            Thread.sleep(2000);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println("fun2方法执行结束："+System.currentTimeMillis()+"\n");

    }
}

class MyThread implements Runnable{

    private boolean flag;
    private Lock lock;
    private CountDownLatch countDownLatch;

    public MyThread(){

    }

    public MyThread(boolean flag,Lock lock,CountDownLatch countDownLatch){
        this.flag=flag;
        this.lock=lock;
        this.countDownLatch=countDownLatch;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        if (flag){
            lock.fun();
        }else {
            lock.fun2();
        }

        countDownLatch.countDown();
    }
}

public class Test2 {

    public static void main(String[] args){
        Lock lock=new Lock();
        CountDownLatch countDownLatch=new CountDownLatch(2);

        MyThread thread=new MyThread(true,lock,countDownLatch);
        MyThread thread2=new MyThread(false,lock,countDownLatch);

        ExecutorService executorService= Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
        executorService.submit(thread);
        executorService.submit(thread2);

        try {
            countDownLatch.await();
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        executorService.shutdown();
    }
}

 

*************************

控制台输出

 

开始执行fun2方法：1621127668431
开始执行fun方法：1621127668431
fun2方法执行结束：1621127670445

fun方法执行结束：1621127670451

fun、fun2异步执行：fun获取类锁，fun2获取对象锁

 

 

************************

示例 3

 

class Parent{

    public synchronized void fun(){
        System.out.println("parent 开始执行fun方法："+System.currentTimeMillis());

        try{
            Thread.sleep(2000);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println("parent fun方法执行结束："+System.currentTimeMillis()+"\n");
    }

    public synchronized void fun2(){
        System.out.println("parent 开始执行fun2方法："+System.currentTimeMillis());

        try{
            Thread.sleep(2000);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println("parent fun2方法执行结束："+System.currentTimeMillis()+"\n");

    }
}

class Child extends Parent{

}

class MyThread2 implements Runnable{

    private boolean flag;
    private Child child;
    private CountDownLatch countDownLatch;

    public MyThread2(){

    }

    public MyThread2(boolean flag,Child child,CountDownLatch countDownLatch){
        this.flag=flag;
        this.child=child;
        this.countDownLatch=countDownLatch;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        if (flag){
            child.fun();
        }else {
            child.fun2();
        }

        countDownLatch.countDown();
    }
}

public class Test3 {

    public static void main(String[] args){
        CountDownLatch countDownLatch=new CountDownLatch(2);
        Child child=new Child();

        MyThread2 myThread=new MyThread2(true,child,countDownLatch);
        MyThread2 myThread2=new MyThread2(false,child,countDownLatch);

        ExecutorService executorService=Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
        executorService.submit(myThread);
        executorService.submit(myThread2);

        try {
            countDownLatch.await();
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        executorService.shutdown();
    }
}

 

*************************

控制台输出

 

parent 开始执行fun方法：1621128300064
parent fun方法执行结束：1621128302078

parent 开始执行fun2方法：1621128302079
parent fun2方法执行结束：1621128304082

子类对象fun、fun2同步执行：需要获取同一个对象锁child

 

 

************************

示例 4

 

class Parent{

    public synchronized void fun(){
        System.out.println("parent 开始执行fun方法："+System.currentTimeMillis());

        try{
            Thread.sleep(2000);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println("parent fun方法执行结束："+System.currentTimeMillis()+"\n");
    }

    public synchronized void fun2(){
        System.out.println("parent 开始执行fun2方法："+System.currentTimeMillis());

        try{
            Thread.sleep(2000);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println("parent fun2方法执行结束："+System.currentTimeMillis()+"\n");

    }
}

class Child extends Parent{

    public void fun(){
        System.out.println("child 开始执行fun方法："+System.currentTimeMillis());

        try{
            Thread.sleep(2000);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println("child fun方法执行结束："+System.currentTimeMillis()+"\n");
    }

    public void fun2(){
        System.out.println("child 开始执行fun2方法："+System.currentTimeMillis());

        try{
            Thread.sleep(2000);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        System.out.println("child fun2方法执行结束："+System.currentTimeMillis()+"\n");

    }
}

class MyThread2 implements Runnable{

    private boolean flag;
    private Child child;
    private CountDownLatch countDownLatch;

    public MyThread2(){

    }

    public MyThread2(boolean flag,Child child,CountDownLatch countDownLatch){
        this.flag=flag;
        this.child=child;
        this.countDownLatch=countDownLatch;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        if (flag){
            child.fun();
        }else {
            child.fun2();
        }

        countDownLatch.countDown();
    }
}

public class Test4 {

    public static void main(String[] args){
        CountDownLatch countDownLatch=new CountDownLatch(2);
        Child child=new Child();

        MyThread2 myThread=new MyThread2(true,child,countDownLatch);
        MyThread2 myThread2=new MyThread2(false,child,countDownLatch);

        ExecutorService executorService=Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
        executorService.submit(myThread);
        executorService.submit(myThread2);

        try {
            countDownLatch.await();
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        executorService.shutdown();
    }
}

 

*************************

控制台输出

 

child 开始执行fun2方法：1621128483789
child 开始执行fun方法：1621128483789
child fun2方法执行结束：1621128485816

child fun方法执行结束：1621128485816

child fun、fun2异步执行：child重写了父类方法，方法上没有标识符synchronized