Roman numerals are represented by seven different symbols: I, V, X, L, C, D and M.
Symbol Value
I 1
V 5
X 10
L 50
C 100
D 500
M 1000
For example, two is written as II in Roman numeral, just two one’s added together. Twelve is written as, XII, which is simply X + II. The number twenty seven is written as XXVII, which is XX + V + II.
Roman numerals are usually written largest to smallest from left to right. However, the numeral for four is not IIII. Instead, the number four is written as IV. Because the one is before the five we subtract it making four. The same principle applies to the number nine, which is written as IX. There are six instances where subtraction is used:
- I can be placed before V (5) and X (10) to make 4 and 9.
- X can be placed before L (50) and C (100) to make 40 and 90.
- C can be placed before D (500) and M (1000) to make 400 and 900.
Given an integer, convert it to a roman numeral. Input is guaranteed to be within the range from 1 to 3999.
Example 1:
Input: 3
Output: "III"
Example 2:
Input: 4
Output: "IV"
Example 3:
Input: 9
Output: "IX"
Example 4:
Input: 58
Output: "LVIII"
Explanation: L = 50, V = 5, III = 3.
Example 5:
Input: 1994
Output: "MCMXCIV"
Explanation: M = 1000, CM = 900, XC = 90 and IV = 4.
本题要求将一个整数用罗马数字表示,具体规则如上。寻找规律比较伤脑筋且容易出错,所以我干脆将个十百千位分别用列表写好,按顺序取出num的个位、十位、百位、千位,在列表中找出相对应的罗马数字,添加到res(初始化为空)的左侧,最后返回res。
class Solution(object):
def intToRoman(self, num):
"""
:type num: int
:rtype: str
"""
a1 = ['', 'I', 'II', 'III', 'IV', 'V', 'VI', 'VII', 'VIII', 'IX']
a2 = ['', 'X', 'XX', 'XXX', 'XL', 'L', 'LX', 'LXX', 'LXXX', 'XC']
a3 = ['', 'C', 'CC', 'CCC', 'CD', 'D', 'DC', 'DCC', 'DCCC', 'CM']
a4 = ['', 'M', 'MM', 'MMM']
a_groups = [a1, a2, a3, a4]
res = ''
import math
length = int(math.log10(num)) + 1
for i in range(length):
digit = num % 10
res = a_groups[i][digit] + res
num //= 10
return res