BNB代码解读

1.BNB代码

我们先来看下BNB的代码,没错就是这短短100多行代码,市值可是好多好多亿呢哈哈哈哈。

/**
 *Submitted for verification at Etherscan.io on 2017-07-06
*/

pragma solidity ^0.4.8;

/**
 * Math operations with safety checks
 */
contract SafeMath {
  function safeMul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal returns (uint256) {
    uint256 c = a * b;
    assert(a == 0 || c / a == b);
    return c;
  }

  function safeDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal returns (uint256) {
    assert(b > 0);
    uint256 c = a / b;
    assert(a == b * c + a % b);
    return c;
  }

  function safeSub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal returns (uint256) {
    assert(b <= a);
    return a - b;
  }

  function safeAdd(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal returns (uint256) {
    uint256 c = a + b;
    assert(c>=a && c>=b);
    return c;
  }

  function assert(bool assertion) internal {
    if (!assertion) {
      throw;
    }
  }
}
contract BNB is SafeMath{
    string public name;
    string public symbol;
    uint8 public decimals;
    uint256 public totalSupply;
	address public owner;

    /* This creates an array with all balances */
    mapping (address => uint256) public balanceOf;
	mapping (address => uint256) public freezeOf;
    mapping (address => mapping (address => uint256)) public allowance;

    /* This generates a public event on the blockchain that will notify clients */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /* This notifies clients about the amount burnt */
    event Burn(address indexed from, uint256 value);
	
	/* This notifies clients about the amount frozen */
    event Freeze(address indexed from, uint256 value);
	
	/* This notifies clients about the amount unfrozen */
    event Unfreeze(address indexed from, uint256 value);

    /* Initializes contract with initial supply tokens to the creator of the contract */
    function BNB(
        uint256 initialSupply,
        string tokenName,
        uint8 decimalUnits,
        string tokenSymbol
        ) {
        balanceOf[msg.sender] = initialSupply;              // Give the creator all initial tokens
        totalSupply = initialSupply;                        // Update total supply
        name = tokenName;                                   // Set the name for display purposes
        symbol = tokenSymbol;                               // Set the symbol for display purposes
        decimals = decimalUnits;                            // Amount of decimals for display purposes
		owner = msg.sender;
    }

    /* Send coins */
    function transfer(address _to, uint256 _value) {
        if (_to == 0x0) throw;                               // Prevent transfer to 0x0 address. Use burn() instead
		if (_value <= 0) throw; 
        if (balanceOf[msg.sender] < _value) throw;           // Check if the sender has enough
        if (balanceOf[_to] + _value < balanceOf[_to]) throw; // Check for overflows
        balanceOf[msg.sender] = SafeMath.safeSub(balanceOf[msg.sender], _value);                     // Subtract from the sender
        balanceOf[_to] = SafeMath.safeAdd(balanceOf[_to], _value);                            // Add the same to the recipient
        Transfer(msg.sender, _to, _value);                   // Notify anyone listening that this transfer took place
    }

    /* Allow another contract to spend some tokens in your behalf */
    function approve(address _spender, uint256 _value)
        returns (bool success) {
		if (_value <= 0) throw; 
        allowance[msg.sender][_spender] = _value;
        return true;
    }
       

    /* A contract attempts to get the coins */
    function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _value) returns (bool success) {
        if (_to == 0x0) throw;                                // Prevent transfer to 0x0 address. Use burn() instead
		if (_value <= 0) throw; 
        if (balanceOf[_from] < _value) throw;                 // Check if the sender has enough
        if (balanceOf[_to] + _value < balanceOf[_to]) throw;  // Check for overflows
        if (_value > allowance[_from][msg.sender]) throw;     // Check allowance
        balanceOf[_from] = SafeMath.safeSub(balanceOf[_from], _value);                           // Subtract from the sender
        balanceOf[_to] = SafeMath.safeAdd(balanceOf[_to], _value);                             // Add the same to the recipient
        allowance[_from][msg.sender] = SafeMath.safeSub(allowance[_from][msg.sender], _value);
        Transfer(_from, _to, _value);
        return true;
    }

    function burn(uint256 _value) returns (bool success) {
        if (balanceOf[msg.sender] < _value) throw;            // Check if the sender has enough
		if (_value <= 0) throw; 
        balanceOf[msg.sender] = SafeMath.safeSub(balanceOf[msg.sender], _value);                      // Subtract from the sender
        totalSupply = SafeMath.safeSub(totalSupply,_value);                                // Updates totalSupply
        Burn(msg.sender, _value);
        return true;
    }
	
	function freeze(uint256 _value) returns (bool success) {
        if (balanceOf[msg.sender] < _value) throw;            // Check if the sender has enough
		if (_value <= 0) throw; 
        balanceOf[msg.sender] = SafeMath.safeSub(balanceOf[msg.sender], _value);                      // Subtract from the sender
        freezeOf[msg.sender] = SafeMath.safeAdd(freezeOf[msg.sender], _value);                                // Updates totalSupply
        Freeze(msg.sender, _value);
        return true;
    }
	
	function unfreeze(uint256 _value) returns (bool success) {
        if (freezeOf[msg.sender] < _value) throw;            // Check if the sender has enough
		if (_value <= 0) throw; 
        freezeOf[msg.sender] = SafeMath.safeSub(freezeOf[msg.sender], _value);                      // Subtract from the sender
		balanceOf[msg.sender] = SafeMath.safeAdd(balanceOf[msg.sender], _value);
        Unfreeze(msg.sender, _value);
        return true;
    }
	
	// transfer balance to owner
	function withdrawEther(uint256 amount) {
		if(msg.sender != owner)throw;
		owner.transfer(amount);
	}
	
	// can accept ether
	function() payable {
    }
}

以上就是BNB的全部代码。
注意 这个里面做判断的时候用的都是if…throw,现在不推荐这种做法了,大部分使用的是require做判断。

2.解释器声明

pragma solidity ^0.4.8;
声明了solidity的解释器,说的是解释器版本要在0.4.8以上,注意现在一般用>=来表示以上也就是pragma solidity >=0.4.8;

3.SafeMath合约声明

这里我们看到有一个SafeMath的合约,其实合约的写法和类很像,我们可以用类来理解合约。

contract SafeMath {
  function safeMul(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal returns (uint256) {
    uint256 c = a * b;
    assert(a == 0 || c / a == b);
    return c;
  }

  function safeDiv(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal returns (uint256) {
    assert(b > 0);
    uint256 c = a / b;
    assert(a == b * c + a % b);
    return c;
  }

  function safeSub(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal returns (uint256) {
    assert(b <= a);
    return a - b;
  }

  function safeAdd(uint256 a, uint256 b) internal returns (uint256) {
    uint256 c = a + b;
    assert(c>=a && c>=b);
    return c;
  }

  function assert(bool assertion) internal {
    if (!assertion) {
      throw;
    }
  }
}

这里声明了以一个SafeMath合约,里面有5个函数,最后一个函数是用来做判断的,我们呢其实可以用require()来代替它,其余的4个函数分别实现了乘法、除法、加法和减法,为什么它的实现这么复杂呢,且给人一种这不是显而易见的感觉吗,我们拿它的除法举个例子。
assert(b > 0);
它首先要求b要大于0,但是其实你仔细看它声明的参数是uint也就是无符号整型,这无符号哪来的大于0或是小于0呢,应该都是大于0的才对,但是它还是要判断一下。
uint256 c = a / b;
这个就是我们理解的正经的除法。
assert(a == b * c + a % b);
你看这里,是不是觉得又是多此一举呢,它判断要a是等于b乘上c加上a除以b的余数。
return c;
最后输出c

注意我们所谓的多此一举,在这里其实都是安全,你再想想它的市值,是不是有点数不过来呀,要是在做除法的时候程序被篡改了,那最后它一定不满足assert(a == b * c + a % b);这个等式,然后理所当然的就是终止交易有内鬼哈哈哈。

4.BNB合约声明

contract BNB is SafeMath{
    string public name;
    string public symbol;
    uint8 public decimals;
    uint256 public totalSupply;
	address public owner;

    /* This creates an array with all balances */
    mapping (address => uint256) public balanceOf;
	mapping (address => uint256) public freezeOf;
    mapping (address => mapping (address => uint256)) public allowance;

    /* This generates a public event on the blockchain that will notify clients */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /* This notifies clients about the amount burnt */
    event Burn(address indexed from, uint256 value);
	
	/* This notifies clients about the amount frozen */
    event Freeze(address indexed from, uint256 value);
	
	/* This notifies clients about the amount unfrozen */
    event Unfreeze(address indexed from, uint256 value);

    /* Initializes contract with initial supply tokens to the creator of the contract */
    function BNB(
        uint256 initialSupply,
        string tokenName,
        uint8 decimalUnits,
        string tokenSymbol
        ) {
        balanceOf[msg.sender] = initialSupply;              // Give the creator all initial tokens
        totalSupply = initialSupply;                        // Update total supply
        name = tokenName;                                   // Set the name for display purposes
        symbol = tokenSymbol;                               // Set the symbol for display purposes
        decimals = decimalUnits;                            // Amount of decimals for display purposes
		owner = msg.sender;
    }

    /* Send coins */
    function transfer(address _to, uint256 _value) {
        if (_to == 0x0) throw;                               // Prevent transfer to 0x0 address. Use burn() instead
		if (_value <= 0) throw; 
        if (balanceOf[msg.sender] < _value) throw;           // Check if the sender has enough
        if (balanceOf[_to] + _value < balanceOf[_to]) throw; // Check for overflows
        balanceOf[msg.sender] = SafeMath.safeSub(balanceOf[msg.sender], _value);                     // Subtract from the sender
        balanceOf[_to] = SafeMath.safeAdd(balanceOf[_to], _value);                            // Add the same to the recipient
        Transfer(msg.sender, _to, _value);                   // Notify anyone listening that this transfer took place
    }

    /* Allow another contract to spend some tokens in your behalf */
    function approve(address _spender, uint256 _value)
        returns (bool success) {
		if (_value <= 0) throw; 
        allowance[msg.sender][_spender] = _value;
        return true;
    }
       

    /* A contract attempts to get the coins */
    function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _value) returns (bool success) {
        if (_to == 0x0) throw;                                // Prevent transfer to 0x0 address. Use burn() instead
		if (_value <= 0) throw; 
        if (balanceOf[_from] < _value) throw;                 // Check if the sender has enough
        if (balanceOf[_to] + _value < balanceOf[_to]) throw;  // Check for overflows
        if (_value > allowance[_from][msg.sender]) throw;     // Check allowance
        balanceOf[_from] = SafeMath.safeSub(balanceOf[_from], _value);                           // Subtract from the sender
        balanceOf[_to] = SafeMath.safeAdd(balanceOf[_to], _value);                             // Add the same to the recipient
        allowance[_from][msg.sender] = SafeMath.safeSub(allowance[_from][msg.sender], _value);
        Transfer(_from, _to, _value);
        return true;
    }

    function burn(uint256 _value) returns (bool success) {
        if (balanceOf[msg.sender] < _value) throw;            // Check if the sender has enough
		if (_value <= 0) throw; 
        balanceOf[msg.sender] = SafeMath.safeSub(balanceOf[msg.sender], _value);                      // Subtract from the sender
        totalSupply = SafeMath.safeSub(totalSupply,_value);                                // Updates totalSupply
        Burn(msg.sender, _value);
        return true;
    }
	
	function freeze(uint256 _value) returns (bool success) {
        if (balanceOf[msg.sender] < _value) throw;            // Check if the sender has enough
		if (_value <= 0) throw; 
        balanceOf[msg.sender] = SafeMath.safeSub(balanceOf[msg.sender], _value);                      // Subtract from the sender
        freezeOf[msg.sender] = SafeMath.safeAdd(freezeOf[msg.sender], _value);                                // Updates totalSupply
        Freeze(msg.sender, _value);
        return true;
    }
	
	function unfreeze(uint256 _value) returns (bool success) {
        if (freezeOf[msg.sender] < _value) throw;            // Check if the sender has enough
		if (_value <= 0) throw; 
        freezeOf[msg.sender] = SafeMath.safeSub(freezeOf[msg.sender], _value);                      // Subtract from the sender
		balanceOf[msg.sender] = SafeMath.safeAdd(balanceOf[msg.sender], _value);
        Unfreeze(msg.sender, _value);
        return true;
    }
	
	// transfer balance to owner
	function withdrawEther(uint256 amount) {
		if(msg.sender != owner)throw;
		owner.transfer(amount);
	}
	
	// can accept ether
	function() payable {
    }
}
(一)BNB类是SafeMath的子类

contract BNB is SafeMath
说的是BNB这个类是SafeMath的子类,那么SafeMath里面定义的函数我在BNB这里类里面都可以直接拿来用。

 string public name;
    string public symbol;
    uint8 public decimals;
    uint256 public totalSupply;
	address public owner;

    /* This creates an array with all balances */
    mapping (address => uint256) public balanceOf;
	mapping (address => uint256) public freezeOf;
    mapping (address => mapping (address => uint256)) public allowance;

    /* This generates a public event on the blockchain that will notify clients */
    event Transfer(address indexed from, address indexed to, uint256 value);

    /* This notifies clients about the amount burnt */
    event Burn(address indexed from, uint256 value);
	
	/* This notifies clients about the amount frozen */
    event Freeze(address indexed from, uint256 value);
	
	/* This notifies clients about the amount unfrozen */
    event Unfreeze(address indexed from, uint256 value);

这里定义了这个类有的状态变量,从上到下依次是发行代币的名字、标志、小数点后的位数(这里想解释一下,由于以太坊上发送币都是用bigNumber来计算的,这样举个例子,以太币是小数点后18位,但是发币的时候我们不会写0.0000000000000000001好多个0,我们就会写1,因为以太币的单位就是以最小单元为1的,我们要发一个以太币,那么我们需要写1000000000000000000,好多个0,这也就是我们呢经常说的bigNumber)、所有币的数量以及所有者。

上面定义了一般的数据,接下来它定义了三个mapping,什么是mapping呢,mapping就是一个映射,我们来看下第一个mappingmapping (address => uint256) public balanceOf;这个mapping说的是把address对象映射成为uint256,含义是每个地址账户的人所拥有的子代币的数目。第二个mapping就是用户冻结的子代币数,第三个mapping是用户授权的子代币数。

(二)BNB的构造函数

后面定义了一些event事件,就是我们要传播出去的,可以用web3监听到的事件,注意其中定义了indexed的关键词可以方便后期的查询。

 function BNB(
        uint256 initialSupply,
        string tokenName,
        uint8 decimalUnits,
        string tokenSymbol
        ) {
        balanceOf[msg.sender] = initialSupply;              // Give the creator all initial tokens
        totalSupply = initialSupply;                        // Update total supply
        name = tokenName;                                   // Set the name for display purposes
        symbol = tokenSymbol;                               // Set the symbol for display purposes
        decimals = decimalUnits;                            // Amount of decimals for display purposes
		owner = msg.sender;
    }

这个是构造函数需要传入4个参数,传入的参数大家也可以看到,分别是初始子货币量、子货币完整名字、小数点位数以及子货币简称。函数中就是一系列的赋值,把初始货币都放到发送合约者的名下,要是你发的自然所有的货币都会在你的名下。

(三)我该怎么给别人转钱呢
 /* Send coins */
    function transfer(address _to, uint256 _value) {
        if (_to == 0x0) throw;                               // Prevent transfer to 0x0 address. Use burn() instead
		if (_value <= 0) throw; 
        if (balanceOf[msg.sender] < _value) throw;           // Check if the sender has enough
        if (balanceOf[_to] + _value < balanceOf[_to]) throw; // Check for overflows
        balanceOf[msg.sender] = SafeMath.safeSub(balanceOf[msg.sender], _value);                     // Subtract from the sender
        balanceOf[_to] = SafeMath.safeAdd(balanceOf[_to], _value);                            // Add the same to the recipient
        Transfer(msg.sender, _to, _value);                   // Notify anyone listening that this transfer took place
    }

以上代码是发送货币的函数,前面几个全是判断,这里就解释一下第一个,按照它说的你不能给地址全为0的地方发送货币,为什么呢,原来在编写子货币的代码中通常有一个共识,就是说你想地址为0的地方发送货币就相当于是销毁货币一样,当然你是铸币者也同有有机制来销毁你铸的货币,这样才是平衡的嘛,哈哈哈出来混不也是早晚要还的嘛。接下来的就是转币人的货币减少,被转人的货币增加,然后再抛出一个事件这些事件都会记录再日志中,一起被挖矿,所以你在搜索摸一个交易的时候也可也看到其所附带的日志。

(四)身为老板不来个授权人吗

下面就不一一来说了,这里给大家一下transferFrom。
介绍这个之前呢,想和大家聊聊什么是allowance,allowance就是授权,比如我有1000块钱,我授权你可以花100快,这个对应于我们之前定义的状态变量mapping (address => mapping (address => uint256)) public allowance;,第一个address就是我的地址,第二个address就是你的地址,uint256就是100块钱。

 /* A contract attempts to get the coins */
    function transferFrom(address _from, address _to, uint256 _value) returns (bool success) {
        if (_to == 0x0) throw;                                // Prevent transfer to 0x0 address. Use burn() instead
		if (_value <= 0) throw; 
        if (balanceOf[_from] < _value) throw;                 // Check if the sender has enough
        if (balanceOf[_to] + _value < balanceOf[_to]) throw;  // Check for overflows
        if (_value > allowance[_from][msg.sender]) throw;     // Check allowance
        balanceOf[_from] = SafeMath.safeSub(balanceOf[_from], _value);                           // Subtract from the sender
        balanceOf[_to] = SafeMath.safeAdd(balanceOf[_to], _value);                             // Add the same to the recipient
        allowance[_from][msg.sender] = SafeMath.safeSub(allowance[_from][msg.sender], _value);
        Transfer(_from, _to, _value);
        return true;
    }

前面依旧是一系列的判断,后面函数里面无非就是减掉我转出的,我转给的那人加上我转出的币数,减掉发起这笔交易人的授权币数。

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