react - hook常用
- useState() : 在函数中设置值和改变值的
- useContext(): 多个组件之间共享数据的
- useReducer ():类似于Redux
- useEffect():类似与监听器(区别在于传参与不传参来监听是否执行回调)
- useCallback:缓存函数
- useMemo:缓存值
- useRef:访问DOM
- useImperativeHandle:使用子组件暴露的值/方法
- useLayoutEffect:完成副作用操作,会阻塞浏览器绘制
1.useState()
const Index = () => {
const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
const [obj, setObj] = useState({ id: 1 });
return (
<>
{/* 普通更新 */}
<div>count:{count}</div>
<button onClick={() => setCount(count + 1)}>add</button>
{/* 函数式更新 */}
<div>obj:{JSON.stringify(obj)}</div>
<button
onClick={() =>
setObj((prevObj) => ({ ...prevObj, ...{ id: 2, name: "张三" } }))
}
>
merge
</button>
</>
);
};
2.useContext()
import React, { useContext } from "react";
import ReactDOM from "react-dom";
import "./styles.css";
const AppContext = React.createContext({});
const Navbar = () => {
const { username } = useContext(AppContext)
return (
<div className="navbar">
<p>AwesomeSite</p>
<p>{username}</p>
</div>
)
}
const Messages = () => {
const { username } = useContext(AppContext)
return (
<div className="messages">
<h1>Messages</h1>
<p>1 message for {username}</p>
<p className="message">useContext is awesome!</p>
</div>
)
}
function App() {
return (
<AppContext.Provider value={{
username: 'superawesome'
}}>
<div className="App">
<Navbar />
<Messages />
</div>
</AppContext.Provider>
);
}
const rootElement = document.getElementById("root");
ReactDOM.render(<App />, rootElement);
3. useReducer ()
const initialState = [
{ id: 1, name: "张三" },
{ id: 2, name: "李四" }
];
const reducer = (state: any, { type, payload }: any) => {
switch (type) {
case "add":
return [...state, payload];
case "remove":
return state.filter((item: any) => item.id !== payload.id);
case "update":
return state.map((item: any) =>
item.id === payload.id ? { ...item, ...payload } : item
);
case "clear":
return [];
default:
throw new Error();
}
};
const List = () => {
const [state, dispatch] = useReducer(reducer, initialState);
return (
<>
List: {JSON.stringify(state)}
<button
onClick={() =>
dispatch({ type: "add", payload: { id: 3, name: "周五" } })
}
>
add
</button>
<button onClick={() => dispatch({ type: "remove", payload: { id: 1 } })}>
remove
</button>
<button
onClick={() =>
dispatch({ type: "update", payload: { id: 2, name: "李四-update" } })
}
>
update
</button>
<button onClick={() => dispatch({ type: "clear" })}>clear</button>
</>
);
};
4 useEffect()
useEffect(
() => {
// 这里的代码块 等价于 componentDidMount
// do something...
// return的写法 等价于 componentWillUnmount
return () => {
// do something...
};
},
// 依赖列表,当依赖的值有变更时候,执行副作用函数,等价于 componentDidUpdate
[ xxx,obj.xxx ]
);
-
当数组为空 [ ],表示不会应为页面的状态改变而执行回调方法【即仅在初始化时执行,componentDidMount】,
-
当这个参数不传递,表示页面的任何状态一旦变更都会执行回调方法
-
当数组非空,数组里的值一旦有变化,就会执行回调方法
5. useCallback:缓存函数
// 除非 `a` 或 `b` 改变,否则不会变
const memoizedCallback = useCallback(
() => {
doSomething(a, b);
},
[a, b],
);```
## 6. useMemo:缓存值
```javascript
// 不管页面 render 几次,时间戳都不会被改变,因为已经被被缓存了,除非依赖改变。
const getNumUseMemo = useMemo(() => {
return `${+new Date()}`;
}, []);
// ...
7. useRef:访问dom
const Index = () => {
const inputEl = useRef(null);
const handleFocus = () => {
inputEl.current.focus();
};
return (
<>
<input ref={inputEl} type="text" />
<button onClick={handleFocus}>Focus</button>
</>
);
};
8. useImperativeHandle:使用子组件暴露的值/方法
const Index = () => {
const inputEl = useRef();
useEffect(() => {
console.log(inputEl.current.someValue);
// test
}, []);
return (
<>
<Child ref={inputEl} />
<button onClick={() => inputEl.current.setValues((val) => val + 1)}>
累加子组件的value
</button>
</>
);
};
const Child = forwardRef((props, ref) => {
const inputRef = useRef();
const [value, setValue] = useState(0);
useImperativeHandle(ref, () => ({
setValue,
someValue: "test"
}));
return (
<>
<div>child-value:{value}</div>
<input ref={inputRef} />
</>
);
});
9.useLayoutEffect:完成副作用操作,会阻塞浏览器绘制
- 在所有的 DOM 变更之后同步调用effect。可以使用它来读取 DOM 布局并同步
触发重渲染。在浏览器执行绘制之前,useLayoutEffect 内部的更新计划将被同 步刷新,也就是说它会阻塞浏览器绘制。所以尽可能使用
useEffect 以避免阻 塞视觉更新