swift的枚举(enum)和可选项(Optional)

枚举

基本用法

enum Direction{
   
    case north
    case south
    case east
    case west
}

var dir = Direction.north
dir = .east
switch dir {
   
case .north:
    print("north")
case .east:
    print("east")
default:
    print("other")
}

enum Score{
   
    case points(Int)
    case grade(Character)
}

var score = Score.points(99)
score = .grade("A")

switch score {
   
case let .points(i):
    print("point is \(i)")
case let .grade(i):
    print("grade is \(i)")
}


enum Date{
   
    case digit(year: Int, month: Int, day: Int)
    case str(String)
}

var date = Date.digit(year: 2011, month: 9, day: 10)
date = .str("2011-09-10")
switch date {
   
case let .digit(year, month, day):
    print(year,month,day)
case .str(let value):
    print(value)
}

原始值（Raw Values）

• 枚举成员可以使用相同类型的默认值预先对应，这个默认值叫做：原始值
• 注意：原始值不占用枚举变量的内存
• 如果枚举的原始值类型是Int、String，Swift会自动分配原始值

enum PokerSuit : Character {
   
    case spade = "♠"
    case heart = "♥"
    case diamond = "♦"
    case club = "♣"
}

var suit = PokerSuit.spade
print(suit) // spade
print(suit.rawValue) // ♠
print(PokerSuit.club.rawValue) // ♣


enum Grade : String {
   
    case perfect = "A"
    case great = "B"
    case good = "C"
    case bad = "D"
}
print(Grade.perfect.rawValue) // A
print(Grade.great.rawValue) // B
print(Grade.good.rawValue) // C
print(Grade.bad.rawValue) // D


enum Direction : String {
   
    case north, south, east, west
}
print(Direction.north) // north
print(Direction.north.rawValue) // north

enum Season : Int {
   
    case spring = 1, summer, autumn = 4, winter
    
}
print(Season.spring.rawValue) // 1
print(Season.summer.rawValue) // 2
print(Season.autumn.rawValue) // 4
print(Season.winter.rawValue) // 5

递归枚举（Recursive Enumera