享元模式--自定义数据库连接池

享元模式（Flyweight Pattern）主要用于减少创建对象的数量，以减少内存占用和提高性能。这种类型的设计模式属于结构型模式，它提供了减少对象数量从而改善应用所需的对象结构的方式。

享元模式尝试重用现有的同类对象，如果未找到匹配的对象，则创建新对象。我们将通过创建 5 个对象来画出 20 个分布于不同位置的圆来演示这种模式。由于只有 5 种可用的颜色，所以 color 属性被用来检查现有的 Circle 对象。

在String类和包装类大量使用了享元模式。

自定义数据库连接池

package 享元模式;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicIntegerArray;

public class 自定义数据库连接池 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Pool pool = new Pool(2);
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            new Thread(() -> {
                Connection conn = pool.borrow();
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(new Random().nextInt(1000));
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                pool.free(conn);
            }).start();
        }
    }


}

@Slf4j
class Pool{
    // 1. 连接池大小
    private final int poolSize;

    // 2. 连接池数组
    private Connection[] connections;

    // 3. 连接状态数组
    private AtomicIntegerArray states;

    // 4. 构造方法初始化

    public Pool(int poolSize) {
        this.poolSize = poolSize;
        this.connections = new Connection[poolSize];
        this.states = new AtomicIntegerArray(new int[poolSize]);
        for (int i = 0; i < poolSize; i++) {
            connections[i] = new MockConnection("连接" + i);
        }
    }

    // 5. 借连接
    public Connection borrow(){
        while(true){
            for (int i = 0; i < poolSize; i++) {
                //获取空连接
                if(states.get(i) == 0){
                    if(states.compareAndSet(i,0,1)){
                        log.debug("borrow {}",connections[i]);
                        return connections[i];
                    }
                }
            }
            //如果没有空闲连接，当前线程进入等待
            synchronized (this){
                try {
                    log.debug("wait ...");
                    this.wait();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // 6. 归还连接
    public void free(Connection conn){
        for (int i = 0; i < poolSize; i++) {
            if(connections[i] == conn){
                states.set(i,0);
                log.debug("free {}",connections[i]);
                synchronized (this){
                    this.notifyAll();
                }
                break;
            }
        }
    }

}

class MockConnection implements Connection{

    private String name;

    public MockConnection(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "MockConnection{" +
                "name='" + name + '\'' +
                '}';
    }

    @Override
    public Statement createStatement() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public String nativeSQL(String sql) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void setAutoCommit(boolean autoCommit) throws SQLException {

    }

    @Override
    public boolean getAutoCommit() throws SQLException {
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public void commit() throws SQLException {

    }

    @Override
    public void rollback() throws SQLException {

    }

    @Override
    public void close() throws SQLException {

    }

    @Override
    public boolean isClosed() throws SQLException {
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public DatabaseMetaData getMetaData() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void setReadOnly(boolean readOnly) throws SQLException {

    }

    @Override
    public boolean isReadOnly() throws SQLException {
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public void setCatalog(String catalog) throws SQLException {

    }

    @Override
    public String getCatalog() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void setTransactionIsolation(int level) throws SQLException {

    }

    @Override
    public int getTransactionIsolation() throws SQLException {
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public SQLWarning getWarnings() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void clearWarnings() throws SQLException {

    }

    @Override
    public Statement createStatement(int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Map<String, Class<?>> getTypeMap() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void setTypeMap(Map<String, Class<?>> map) throws SQLException {

    }

    @Override
    public void setHoldability(int holdability) throws SQLException {

    }

    @Override
    public int getHoldability() throws SQLException {
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public Savepoint setSavepoint() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Savepoint setSavepoint(String name) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void rollback(Savepoint savepoint) throws SQLException {

    }

    @Override
    public void releaseSavepoint(Savepoint savepoint) throws SQLException {

    }

    @Override
    public Statement createStatement(int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public CallableStatement prepareCall(String sql, int resultSetType, int resultSetConcurrency, int resultSetHoldability) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int autoGeneratedKeys) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, int[] columnIndexes) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public PreparedStatement prepareStatement(String sql, String[] columnNames) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Clob createClob() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Blob createBlob() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public NClob createNClob() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public SQLXML createSQLXML() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isValid(int timeout) throws SQLException {
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    public void setClientInfo(String name, String value) throws SQLClientInfoException {

    }

    @Override
    public void setClientInfo(Properties properties) throws SQLClientInfoException {

    }

    @Override
    public String getClientInfo(String name) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Properties getClientInfo() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Array createArrayOf(String typeName, Object[] elements) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Struct createStruct(String typeName, Object[] attributes) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void setSchema(String schema) throws SQLException {

    }

    @Override
    public String getSchema() throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void abort(Executor executor) throws SQLException {

    }

    @Override
    public void setNetworkTimeout(Executor executor, int milliseconds) throws SQLException {

    }

    @Override
    public int getNetworkTimeout() throws SQLException {
        return 0;
    }

    @Override
    public <T> T unwrap(Class<T> iface) throws SQLException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isWrapperFor(Class<?> iface) throws SQLException {
        return false;
    }
}

输出：

13:29:04.601 [Thread-2] DEBUG 享元模式.Pool - wait ...
13:29:04.601 [Thread-1] DEBUG 享元模式.Pool - borrow MockConnection{name='连接1'}
13:29:04.601 [Thread-0] DEBUG 享元模式.Pool - borrow MockConnection{name='连接0'}
13:29:04.611 [Thread-4] DEBUG 享元模式.Pool - wait ...
13:29:04.611 [Thread-3] DEBUG 享元模式.Pool - wait ...
13:29:04.718 [Thread-0] DEBUG 享元模式.Pool - free MockConnection{name='连接0'}
13:29:04.718 [Thread-4] DEBUG 享元模式.Pool - wait ...
13:29:04.718 [Thread-3] DEBUG 享元模式.Pool - borrow MockConnection{name='连接0'}
13:29:04.718 [Thread-2] DEBUG 享元模式.Pool - wait ...
13:29:04.727 [Thread-3] DEBUG 享元模式.Pool - free MockConnection{name='连接0'}
13:29:04.727 [Thread-4] DEBUG 享元模式.Pool - wait ...
13:29:04.727 [Thread-2] DEBUG 享元模式.Pool - borrow MockConnection{name='连接0'}
13:29:05.446 [Thread-2] DEBUG 享元模式.Pool - free MockConnection{name='连接0'}
13:29:05.446 [Thread-4] DEBUG 享元模式.Pool - borrow MockConnection{name='连接0'}
13:29:05.559 [Thread-1] DEBUG 享元模式.Pool - free MockConnection{name='连接1'}
13:29:05.970 [Thread-4] DEBUG 享元模式.Pool - free MockConnection{name='连接0'}