C++程序设计基础4：结构体

前言

• 本文为笔者大一《C++程序软件设计》课程章节实验报告，现将题目整理并分享，希望能够帮助正在学习C++的小伙伴！本文将学习到的编程技能包括：结构体的概念、结构体的成员变量、结构体对象/数组对象…
• 第二题可与上一篇文章的学生成绩统计题进行对比，可以体会到结构体相比只用纯数组实现带来的好处！

知识提纲

结构体struct

一、年月日与天数换算

• 题目：定义一个结构变量（包括年、月、日），计算该日在本年中为第几天？（注意考虑闰年问题），要求写一个函数days，实现上面的计算。由主函数将年月日传递给days函数，计算后将日子传递回主函数输出。
• 代码

#include "pch.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
	struct date
	{
		int year;
		int month;
		int day;
	};

int days(date d);

int main()
{
	date d;
	int s;
	cout << "please input year,month,day:";
	cin>>d.year>>d.month>>d.day;
	s=days(d);
	cout << d.year << "." << d.month << "." << d.day << " is the " << s << " day of the year";
}
int days(date d)
{
	int s=0;
	if (d.year % 4 == 0 && d.year % 100 != 0 || d.year % 400 == 0) //Leap Year
	{
		for (int i = 1; i < d.month; ++i)
		{
			if (i == 1 || i == 3 || i == 5 || i == 7 || i == 8 || i == 10 || i == 12) s = s + 31;
			if (i == 4 || i == 6 || i == 9 || i == 11 ) s = s + 30;
			if (i == 2) s = s + 29;
		}
		s = s + d.day;
		return s;
	}
	else //ordinary day
	{
		for (int i = 1; i < d.month; ++i)
		{
			if (i == 1 || i == 3 || i == 5 || i == 7 || i == 8 || i == 10 || i == 12) s = s + 31;
			if (i == 4 || i == 6 || i == 9 || i == 11) s = s + 30;
			if (i == 2) s = s + 28;
		}
		s = s + d.day;
		return s;
	}
}

• 结果：
  

二、学生成绩统计

• 题目：编写一个程序，用结构表示一个学生的信息，每个学生的信息包括：学号、姓名、三门成绩。要求从键盘输入学生的数据，并输出成绩表（包括每个学生的学号、姓名、三门成绩及平均分数），并输出平均分在前3名的学生的姓名及平均分。
• 代码：

#include "pch.h"
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

struct message
{
	int number;
	string name;
	int CH;
	int Math;
	int EN;
	int mark;
	int average;
};
message student[10];

int main()
{
	cout << "please input number ,name ,CH, Math, EN:" << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
	{
		cin >> student[i].number >>student[i].name>> student[i].CH >> student[i].Math >> student[i].EN;
		student[i].mark = student[i].CH + student[i].Math + student[i].EN;
		student[i].average = student[i].mark / 3;
	}
	cout << "成绩表："<<endl;
	cout << "学号" <<"  "<< "姓名" << "  " << "CH" << "  " << "Math" << "  " << "EN" << "  " << "平均分"<<endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
	{
		cout << student[i].number << "  " << student[i].name << "  " << student[i].CH << "  " << student[i].Math << "  " << student[i].EN << "  " << student[i].average << endl;
	}
	cout << "前三名：" << endl;
	int f[3];
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
	{	
		int max = student[i].average;
		for (int t = i+1; t < 10; ++t)
		{
			if (student[t].average > max)
			{
			//	cout << student[t].name << "  " << student[t].average<<endl;
				f[i] = t;
				max = student[t].average;
			}
			if (t == 9)
			{
				message x = student[i];  
				student[i] = student[f[i]]; 
				student[f[i]] = x;
			}
		}
	}

	for (int i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
	{
		cout << student[i].name << "  " << student[i].average << endl;
	}
}

• 结果：