目前正在学习尚硅谷的react 觉得react-redux稍微有点绕,特此写文章捋清思路
1、安装和构建redux相关文件
安装:
npm i redux -S
npm i react-redux -S
npm i react-thunk -S
构建:
1、进入src文件夹 创建redux目录
2、redux中需要的东西有:
constant.js 用于定义常量
count_action.js 用于声明接下来要对redux执行的动作 比如+1操作,则为{type:‘increment’,data:1}
count_reducer.js 实际操作的函数 执行action告诉它的操作type,对redux的数据state进行真实的改动
store.js 该文件中通过createStore创建store
为了更好地了解store.js,首先要了解这个图,我们从store开始看
store相当于管理员(餐厅老板),reducer相当于仓库(后厨),而后厨中的厨子掌握了相应的做菜方法,餐厅老板说要后厨做什么菜,则只需要提供原材料(preState)和下达命令(action),后厨做好之后端出来(newState),最后老板给客人(components)上菜
作为老板,在store.js文件中,我们需要开店(createStore),同时店里需要引入后厨(假设waiter暂时不雇佣)
store.js:
import { applyMiddleware, createStore } from 'redux'
import countReducer from './count_reducer'
import thunk from 'redux-thunk'
export default createStore(countReducer,applyMiddleware(thunk))
其中thunk是异步时需要用到的 具体为什么要用 待会action的时候说
下一步是写reducer
count_reducer.js:
import { INCREMENT, DECREMENT } from './constant'
// reducer函数会接受两个参数,一个是之前的状态preState 一个是action动作对象
const initState = 0;
export default function countReducer(preState = initState, action) {
// console.log('pre:', preState,'act:', action);
const { type, data } = action;
switch (type) {
case INCREMENT:
return preState + data;
case DECREMENT:
return preState - data;
default:
return preState;
}
}
之后是action的内容
count_action.js:
import { INCREMENT, DECREMENT } from './constant'
export const createIncrementAction = data => ({type:INCREMENT,data})
export const createDecrementAction = data => ({type:DECREMENT,data})
export const createIncrementAsyncAction = (data,time) => {
return (dispatch) => {
setTimeout(() => {
// console.log(dispatch)
dispatch(createIncrementAction(data))
},time)
}
}
接着刚刚说一下为什么要用redux-thunk,因为redux规定,对于这些action,默认情况下只允许传入对象形式,而异步的需要返回一个函数(不写函数的话没办法让他等待,写await又不能接收promise)
之后是UI组件和container的合并文件
Count.jsx(containers/Count/index.jsx)
import React, { Component } from 'react';
import { connect } from 'react-redux';
import {
createIncrementAction,
createDecrementAction,
createIncrementAsyncAction,
} from '../../redux/count_action';
class Count extends Component {
// state = { count: 0 };
increment = () => {
// console.log(this.selectNumberRef)
const { value } = this.selectNumberRef;
// store.dispatch(createIncrementAction(value * 1));
this.props.increment(value * 1);
};
decrement = () => {
const { value } = this.selectNumberRef;
// store.dispatch(createDecrementAction(value * 1));
this.props.decrement(value * 1);
};
incrementOfOdd = () => {
const { value } = this.selectNumberRef;
if (this.props.count % 2 !== 0) this.props.increment(value * 1);
};
incrementAsync = () => {
const { value } = this.selectNumberRef;
this.props.incrementAsync(value * 1, 500);
};
render() {
// console.log('UI props:', this.props);
return (
<div>
<h1>当前求和为:{this.props.count}</h1>
<select
ref={(c) => {
this.selectNumberRef = c;
}}
>
<option value="1">1</option>
<option value="2">2</option>
<option value="3">3</option>
</select>
<button onClick={this.increment}>+</button>
<button onClick={this.decrement}>-</button>
<button onClick={this.incrementOfOdd}>当前求和为奇数再加</button>
<button onClick={this.incrementAsync}>异步加</button>
</div>
);
}
}
export default connect((state) => ({ count: state }), {
increment: createIncrementAction,
decrement: createDecrementAction,
incrementAsync: createIncrementAsyncAction,
})(Count);
有点忘记ref是干嘛的了 特意回顾了一下,ref可以是字符串形式(官方已经不推荐)或者回调函数的形式,渲染的时候他会自动调用该函数,并传入一个参数(c),该参数就是真实dom,通过{ value } 解构出其中的值,就是我们想要的数据