Elasticsearch在Centos 7上的安装与配置

安装JDK 8

Elasticsearch官方建议使用 Oracle的JDK8，在安装之前首先要确定下机器有没有安装JDK.

1	rpm -qa | grep -E '^open[jre|jdk]|j[re|dk]'

如果有，有可能是系统自带的openjdk，而非oracle的jdk。可以使用 rpm -qa | grep Java | xargs rpm -e --nodeps 批量卸载所有带有Java的文件，然后进行重新安装。

命令行下载 JDK 有个麻烦的地方，必须先要接受 Oracle 的许可协议，不过可以通过设置 cookie 来解决。

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wget --no-check-certificate --no-cookies \      --header "Cookie: oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" \      http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u101-b13/jdk-8u101-linux-x64.tar.gz

直接解压 tar -zxvf jdk-8u101-linux-x64.tar.gz 后。配置环境变量：

1	vi /etc/profile

添加如下内容，并保存：

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# set java environment export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8.0_101 export JRE_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}/jre export CLASSPATH=.:${JAVA_HOME}/lib:${JRE_HOME}/lib export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:${PATH}

保存后运行 source /etc/profile  使环境变量生效

输入 java -version 确认是否安装成功。

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[root@localhost local]# java -version java version "1.8.0_101" Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_101-b13) Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.101-b13, mixed mode)

 

安装Elasticsearch

手动安装elasticsearch

最简单的方式是通过Yum或rpm的方式进行安装，这里介绍的是手动安装的方法：

1、进入官网查看最新版本的下载链接

2、使用命令行进行下载：

1	wget https://download.elastic.co/elasticsearch/release/org/elasticsearch/distribution/tar/elasticsearch/2.4.0/elasticsearch-2.4.0.tar.gz

3、解压文件

1	tar -zxvf elasticsearch-2.4.0.tar.gz

4、运行elasticsearch

执行 sh /usr/local/elasticsearch-2.4.0/bin/elasticsearch -d  其中-d表示后台启动

不出意外，可以看到如下报错信息：

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[root@localhost bin]# Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: don't run elasticsearch as root.        at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.initializeNatives(Bootstrap.java:94)        at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.setup(Bootstrap.java:160)        at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Bootstrap.init(Bootstrap.java:286)        at org.elasticsearch.bootstrap.Elasticsearch.main(Elasticsearch.java:35) Refer to the log for complete error details.

原因是elasticsearch默认是不支持用root用户来启动的。

解决方案一：Des.insecure.allow.root=true

修改/usr/local/elasticsearch-2.4.0/bin/elasticsearch，添加 ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Des.insecure.allow.root=true"

或执行时添加： sh /usr/local/elasticsearch-2.4.0/bin/elasticsearch -d -Des.insecure.allow.root=true

注意：正式环境用root运行可能会有安全风险，不建议用root来跑。

解决方案二：添加专门的用户

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useradd elastic chown -R elastic:elastic  elasticsearch-2.4.0 su elastic sh /usr/local/elasticsearch-2.4.0/bin/elasticsearch -d

使用 curl http://localhost:9200/ 查看是否运行，如果返回如下信息则标示运行正常：

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[elastic@localhost local]$ curl http://localhost:9200/ {   "name" : "Astrid Bloom",   "cluster_name" : "elasticsearch",   "version" : {     "number" : "2.4.0",     "build_hash" : "ce9f0c7394dee074091dd1bc4e9469251181fc55",     "build_timestamp" : "2016-08-29T09:14:17Z",     "build_snapshot" : false,     "lucene_version" : "5.5.2"   },   "tagline" : "You Know, for Search" }

elasticsearch默认restful-api的端口是9200 不支持Ip地址，只能在本机用http://localhost:9200来访问。如果需要改变，需要修改配置文件。

默认情况下 Elasticsearch 的 RESTful 服务只有本机才能访问，也就是说无法从主机访问虚拟机中的服务。为了方便调试，可以修改 /etc/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml 文件，加入以下两行：

1 2	network.bind_host: “0.0.0.0" network.publish_host: _nonloopback:ipv4

或去除network.host 和http.port之前的注释，并将network.host的IP地址修改为本机外网IP。然后重启，Elasticsearch 关闭方法（输入命令： ps -ef | grep elasticsearch ，找到进程，然后kill掉就行了。

如果外网还是不能访问，则有可能是防火墙设置导致的。

使用YUM进行安装

添加elasticsearch的repo，在/etc/yum.repos.d/下新增elasticsearch.repo：

1	vi /etc/yum.repos.d/elasticsearch.repo

文件内容如下：

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[elasticsearch-5.x] name=Elasticsearch repository for 5.x packages baseurl=https://artifacts.elastic.co/packages/5.x/yum gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=https://artifacts.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearch enabled=1 autorefresh=1 type=rpm-md

然后使用最简单的yum命令即可进行安装：

1	yum install elasticsearch

 

使用RPM进行安装

 

1 2	wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-5.1.1.rpm rpm --install elasticsearch-5.1.1.rpm

也是非常的简单。

防火墙设置

1、关闭selinux

1 2	sed -i "s/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/" /etc/selinux/config setenforce 0

2、安装firewall

yum install firewalld firewall-config

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systemctl start firewalld.service systemctl enable firewalld.service systemctl status firewalld.service

3、开放端口

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firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port={9200/tcp,9300/tcp} firewall-cmd --reload firewall-cmd --state firewall-cmd --list-all

至此，elasticsearch就顺利安装完成了，但是为了更好的使用，还需要安装中文分析工具等插件，下篇文章再做介绍。

使用systemd管理elasticsearch服务

 

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/bin/systemctl daemon-reload #重启加载systemd /bin/systemctl enable elasticsearch.service #自启动elasticsearch systemctl start elasticsearch.service #启动elasticsearch systemctl stop elasticsearch.service #停止elasticsearch

 

elsticsearch配置说明

如果使用yum或rpm方式安装Elasticsearch默认的配置文件地址是：/etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml，详细的配置说明可以参考Configuring Elasticsearch。另外还有一个系统配置存放在/etc/sysconfig/elasticsearch，可设置的内容包含如下参数：

ES_USER	The user to run as, defaults to elasticsearch.
ES_GROUP	The group to run as, defaults to elasticsearch.
JAVA_HOME	Set a custom Java path to be used.
MAX_OPEN_FILES	Maximum number of open files, defaults to 65536.
MAX_LOCKED_MEMORY	Maximum locked memory size. Set to unlimited if you use thebootstrap.memory_lock option in elasticsearch.yml.
MAX_MAP_COUNT	Maximum number of memory map areas a process may have. If you use mmapfsas index store type, make sure this is set to a high value. For more information, check the linux kernel documentation about max_map_count. This is set via sysctl before starting elasticsearch. Defaults to 262144.
LOG_DIR	Log directory, defaults to /var/log/elasticsearch.
DATA_DIR	Data directory, defaults to /var/lib/elasticsearch.
CONF_DIR	Configuration file directory (which needs to include elasticsearch.ymland log4j2.properties files), defaults to /etc/elasticsearch.
ES_JAVA_OPTS	Any additional JVM system properties you may want to apply.
RESTART_ON_UPGRADE	Configure restart on package upgrade, defaults to false. This means you will have to restart your elasticsearch instance after installing a package manually. The reason for this is to ensure, that upgrades in a cluster do not result in a continuous shard reallocation resulting in high network traffic and reducing the response times of your cluster.

另外，一些默认安装的文件路径如下：

Type	Description	Default Location	Setting
home	Elasticsearch home directory or $ES_HOME	/usr/share/elasticsearch
bin	Binary scripts including elasticsearch to start a node and elasticsearch-plugin to install plugins	/usr/share/elasticsearch/bin
conf	Configuration files including elasticsearch.yml	/etc/elasticsearch	path.conf
conf	Environment variables including heap size, file descriptors.	/etc/sysconfig/elasticsearch
data	The location of the data files of each index / shard allocated on the node. Can hold multiple locations.	/var/lib/elasticsearch	path.data
logs	Log files location.	/var/log/elasticsearch	path.logs
plugins	Plugin files location. Each plugin will be contained in a subdirectory.	/usr/share/elasticsearch/plugins
repo	Shared file system repository locations. Can hold multiple locations. A file system repository can be placed in to any subdirectory of any directory specified here.	Not configured	path.repo
script	Location of script files.	/etc/elasticsearch/scripts	path.scripts

参考链接：

• https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-and-configure-elasticsearch-on-centos-7
• https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/master/zip-targz.html
• https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/current/rpm.html#rpm-repo