4、网络编程

概述

• 网络编程：TCP/UDP，C/S架构vs网页编程：JavaWeb，B/S架构

• 环境变量：C:\windows\system32内才可以ping baidu.com。

获取IP

• 127.0.0.1，Canonical经典的

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
    	//InetAddress的方法，类似Arrays.sort()
        System.out.println(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"));//   /127.0.0.1
        //修改System32\drivers\etc\hosts没用
        System.out.println(InetAddress.getByName("localhost"));//   localhost/127.0.0.1

        System.out.println(InetAddress.getLocalHost());//   DESKTOP-Adair/10.15.137.179
        System.out.println(InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com"));// www.baidu.com/39.156.66.14
    }
}

端口port

• 程序的端口。0~65535（2^16）
• TCP/UDP ：2*65535。TCP:80 &&UDP:80，同一类型端口不可相同
• 端口分类
  • 服务器端：公有端口0~1023（2^10）。HTTP:80 HTTPS:443 FTP:21
  • 服务器端：程序注册端口1024~49151。Tomcat8080 MySQL3306 Oracle1521
  • 客户端：端口号49152~65535：暂时的动态私有，不可用

#cmd
netstat -ano   //查看所有端口
netstat -ano|findstr "10809"	//查看指定端口，先查询再带入
tasklist|findstr "8232"		//查看指定端口的进程

• C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts
• host-port

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
        System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getHostName());    //第一个参数hostname
        System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getPort());        //第二个参数port
    }
}

通信协议

• TCP：类与打电话。三次握手、四次挥手
• UDP：类与发短信。DDOS：洪水攻击

TCP通信

• 客户端步骤：连接new Socket("127.0.0.1", 9999)，得到socket的os发送消息。

• 服务器步骤：建立服务的端口ServerSocket，等待用户的连接accept，接受用户的消息

传送文字

• 客户端：socket→os

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 9999);
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();

        os.write("我是发送方".getBytes());

        os.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}

• 服务器：serverSocket→accept→is→(buffer)→bos

public class Test2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
        Socket accept = serverSocket.accept();
        InputStream is = accept.getInputStream();
        ByteOutputStream bos = new ByteOutputStream();

        int len;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];//is和bos缓冲区
        while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
            bos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        System.out.println(bos);

        bos.close();
        is.close();
        accept.close();
        serverSocket.close();

    }
}

传送图片

• 客户端代码：fis→(buffer)→socket.os

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("car.jpg");
        Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 9999);
        OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();

        int len;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        while((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){
            os.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        socket.shutdownOutput();//切忌：要关输出，否则无法接受

        //接受：服务器回复
        ByteOutputStream bos = new ByteOutputStream();
        InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
        int len2;
        byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
        while ((len2 = is.read(buffer2))!=-1){
            bos.write(buffer2,0,len2);
        }
        System.out.println(bos);
        bos.close();
        //接受完成

        os.close();
        socket.close();
    }
}
#socket.shutdownOutput();

• 服务器代码

public class Test2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
        Socket accept = serverSocket.accept();
        InputStream is = accept.getInputStream();
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("x.jpg");

        int len;
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        while ((len=is.read(bytes))!=-1){
            fos.write(bytes,0,len);
        }
        System.out.println(fos);//java.io.FileOutputStream@74a14482。可以忽略

        //发送给：客户端消息
        OutputStream os = accept.getOutputStream();
        os.write("接受完成".getBytes());
        os.close();
        //发送文字结束

        fos.close();
        is.close();
        accept.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

Tomcat服务器

tomcat是jsp(java编写)网站的服务器之一，就像asp网站要用到微软的IIS服务器，php网站用apache服务器一样，
jsp需要tomcat去解释。如果是hmtl浏览器即可查看效果。.jsp .asp .php 等浏览器无法解释了，需要特定服务器

• apache-tomcat-9.0.58解压包中bin，startup.bat。
• 运行tomcat。地址栏localhost:8080，
• webapps\ROOT中的index.jsp源码(html)，
• ideal(8080)不可同Tomcat(8080)同时运行
• conf\logging.properties中ConsoleHandler.encoding = GBK

UDP

• 发送端：这次是发送包DatagramSocket()。之前通信TCP是I/O流Socket，ServerSocket

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
        String msg = "你好";
        //packet有数据和目的地。故socket直接发送即可
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, InetAddress.getByName("localhost"), 8888);

        socket.send(packet);
        socket.close();
    }
}

• 接受端：一锅老鼠屎import com.sun.org.apache.xpath.internal.operations.String;不可运行

public class Test2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        //设置packet的大小buffer即可
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);

        socket.receive(packet);
        System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));

        socket.close();
    }
}

UDP通信

单工

• 发送端：new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in))

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
        DatagramPacket packet;
        while (true){
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
            String s = reader.readLine();
            packet = new DatagramPacket(s.getBytes(),0,s.getBytes().length,InetAddress.getByName("localhost"),7777);
            socket.send(packet);
        }
    }
}

• 接受端

public class Test2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(7777);
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
        while (true){
            socket.receive(packet);
            System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getData().length));
        }
    }
}

利用线程

• 发送线程

public class Test implements Runnable{
    private String toIP;
    private int port;
    public Test(String toIP, int port){
        this.toIP = toIP;
        this.port = port;
    }
    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            try {
                DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
                BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
                String s = reader.readLine();
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(s.getBytes(), 0, s.getBytes().length, InetAddress.getByName(toIP), port);
                socket.send(packet);
            }catch (Exception e){            }
        }
    }
}

• 接受线程

public class Test2 implements Runnable{
    private int port;
    private String fromname;
    public Test2(int port,String fromname) {
        this.port = port;
        this.fromname = fromname;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true){
            try{
                DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
                byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
                socket.receive(packet);
                System.out.println(this.fromname+"："+new String(packet.getData(), 0, packet.getData().length));
            }catch (Exception e){     }
        }
    }
}

• 老师

public class Teacher {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new Test("localhost",9999)).start();//老师发话
        new Thread(new Test2(8888,"student")).start();//老师收听
    }
}

• 学生

public class Student {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new Test2(9999,"teacher")).start();//同学收听
        new Thread(new Test("localhost",8888)).start();//同学发话
    }
}

URL

协议：//ip地址：端口/项目名/资源

• 格式

public class URLDemo01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=adair&password=123");
        System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//协议
        System.out.println(url.getHost());//IP
        System.out.println(url.getPort());//Port
        System.out.println(url.getPath());//路径
        System.out.println(url.getFile());//全路径
        System.out.println(url.getQuery());//参数
    }
}

• 从tomcat中加载文件资源：url→urlconnection→is→(buffer)→fos

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/adair/play.txt");
        HttpURLConnection urlConnection =(HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        InputStream is = urlConnection.getInputStream();
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("SecurityFile2.txt");

        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }

        fos.close();
        is.close();
        urlConnection.disconnect();
    }
}

• 下载网上的资源，同上

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
        URL url = new URL("https://m10.music.126.net/20220408143139/42619cfcc99dc6ba23ca2815a8c60036/ymusic/0f5c/060b/560c/86d0abcd291a054b67fcafbe794c0825.mp3");
        HttpURLConnection urlConnection =(HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
        InputStream is = urlConnection.getInputStream();
        FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("6.mp3");

        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        int len;
        while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
            fos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }

        fos.close();
        is.close();
        urlConnection.disconnect();
    }
}