C++函数适配器Binder

C++Binder

Binder的作用：

1. 配接函数对象，形成新的函数对象
2. 调用全局函数
3. 针对对象、对象指针、智能对象指针调用成员函数

Binder的用法：

用法一：当使用C++标准库预定义的函数对象时指定参数

std::palceholders::_1等表示占位符

#include <iostream>
#include <functional>

int main(void)
{
    auto plus10 = std::bind(std::plus<int>(), std::placeholders::_1, 10);
    std::cout << "+10	" << plus10(7) << std::endl;

    auto plus10times2 = std::bind(std::multiplies<int>(),
                                  std::bind(std::plus<int>(),
                                            std::placeholders::_1, 10), 2);
    std::cout << "+10×2	" << plus10times2(7) << std::endl;

    auto pow3 = std::bind(std::multiplies<int>(),
                          std::bind(std::multiplies<int>(), std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_1),
                          std::placeholders::_1);
    std::cout << "x*x*x	 " << pow3(7) << std::endl;

    auto inversDivide = std::bind(std::divides<double>(),
                                  std::placeholders::_2,
                                  std::placeholders::_1);

	std::cout << "invdiv	" << inversDivide(49,7) << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

用法二：调用全局函数

#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
#include <algorithm>
#include <locale>
#include <string>

char myToupper(char c)
{
    std::locale loc;
    return std::use_facet<std::ctype<char>> (loc).toupper(c);
}

int main(void)
{
    std::string sub("Nation");
    std::string s("Internationalization");

    std::string::iterator pos;
    pos = std::search(s.begin(), s.end(),
                      sub.begin(), sub.end(),
                      std::bind(std::equal_to<char>(),
                                std::bind(myToupper, std::placeholders::_1),
                                std::bind(myToupper, std::placeholders::_2)));

    if(pos != s.end())
        std::cout << "\"" << sub << "\" is part of \"" << s << "\"" << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

用法三：调用成员函数

#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
#include <algorithm>
#include <vector>
#include <string>

using namespace std::placeholders;

class Person
{
    private:
        std::string name;
    public:
        Person(const std::string& n) : name(n) {}
        void print() const
        {
            std::cout << name << std::endl;
        }
        void printPrefix(const std::string& prefix) const
        {
            std::cout << prefix << name << std::endl;
        }
};

int main(void)
{
    std::vector<Person> coll = {Person("Tick"), Person("Trick"), Person("Track")};
	std::for_each(coll.begin(),coll.end(),bind(&Person::print,_1));
	std::cout << std::endl;
	std::for_each(coll.begin(),coll.end(),bind(&Person::printPrefix,_1,"Preson: "));
	std::cout << std::endl;

	//打印临时变量
	std::bind(&Person::printPrefix,_1,"This is ")(Person("nico"));
    return 0;
}

绑定数据成员

#include <iostream>
#include <functional>
#include <algorithm>
#include <map>
#include <numeric>
#include <string>

using namespace std::placeholders;

int main(void)
{
    std::map<std::string, int> coll;
    coll.insert(std::make_pair<std::string, int>("a", 1));
    coll.insert(std::make_pair<std::string, int>("b", 2));
    coll.insert(std::make_pair<std::string, int>("c", 3));
    coll.insert(std::make_pair<std::string, int>("d", 6));

    //bind(&map<string,int>:value_type::second,_2)将传入的map
	//的second参数绑定为元素的数据成员_2
    int sum = std::accumulate(coll.begin(), coll.end(),
                              0,
                              std::bind(std::plus<int>(),
                                        _1,
                                        std::bind(&std::map<std::string, int>::value_type::second, _2)));
	std::cout << "sum = " << sum << std::endl;
    return 0;
}