qt websocket 通讯实现消息发送接收

websocket 是基于 TCP socket 之上的应用层， 解决 HTML 轮询连接的问题，实现客户端与服务端长连接， 实现消息互相发送，全双工。

1. 服务端， 使用 QT 教程demo
   chatserver.h

#ifndef CHATSERVER_H
#define CHATSERVER_H

#include <QtCore/QObject>
#include <QtCore/QList>

QT_FORWARD_DECLARE_CLASS(QWebSocketServer)
QT_FORWARD_DECLARE_CLASS(QWebSocket)
QT_FORWARD_DECLARE_CLASS(QString)

class ChatServer : public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    explicit ChatServer(quint16 port, QObject *parent = nullptr);
    ~ChatServer() override;

private slots:
    void onNewConnection();
    void processMessage(const QString &message);
    void socketDisconnected();

private:
    QWebSocketServer *m_pWebSocketServer;
    QList<QWebSocket *> m_clients;
};

#endif //CHATSERVER_H

2. chatserver.cpp

/****************************************************************************
**
** Copyright (C) 2016 Kurt Pattyn <pattyn.kurt@gmail.com>.
** Contact: https://www.qt.io/licensing/
**
** This file is part of the QtWebSockets module of the Qt Toolkit.
**
** $QT_BEGIN_LICENSE:BSD$
** Commercial License Usage
** Licensees holding valid commercial Qt licenses may use this file in
** accordance with the commercial license agreement provided with the
** Software or, alternatively, in accordance with the terms contained in
** a written agreement between you and The Qt Company. For licensing terms
** and conditions see https://www.qt.io/terms-conditions. For further
** information use the contact form at https://www.qt.io/contact-us.
**
** BSD License Usage
** Alternatively, you may use this file under the terms of the BSD license
** as follows:
**
** "Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
** modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
** met:
**   * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
**     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
**   * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
**     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
**     the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
**     distribution.
**   * Neither the name of The Qt Company Ltd nor the names of its
**     contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
**     from this software without specific prior written permission.
**
**
** THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
** "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
** LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
** A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
** OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
** SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
** LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
** DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
** THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
** (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
** OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE."
**
** $QT_END_LICENSE$
**
****************************************************************************/
#include "chatserver.h"

#include <QtWebSockets>
#include <QtCore>

#include <cstdio>
using namespace std;

QT_USE_NAMESPACE

static QString getIdentifier(QWebSocket *peer)
{
    return QStringLiteral("%1:%2").arg(peer->peerAddress().toString(),
                                       QString::number(peer->peerPort()));
}

//! [constructor]
ChatServer::ChatServer(quint16 port, QObject *parent) :
    QObject(parent),
    m_pWebSocketServer(new QWebSocketServer(QStringLiteral("Chat Server"),
                                            QWebSocketServer::NonSecureMode,
                                            this))
{
    if (m_pWebSocketServer->listen(QHostAddress::Any, port))
    {
        QTextStream(stdout) << "Chat Server listening on port " << port << '\n';
        connect(m_pWebSocketServer, &QWebSocketServer::newConnection,
                this, &ChatServer::onNewConnection);
    }
}

ChatServer::~ChatServer()
{
    m_pWebSocketServer->close();
}
//! [constructor]

//! [onNewConnection]
void ChatServer::onNewConnection()
{
    auto pSocket = m_pWebSocketServer->nextPendingConnection();
    QTextStream(stdout) << getIdentifier(pSocket) << " connected!\n";
    pSocket->setParent(this);

    // 对连接进来的每一个进行信号槽连接绑定
    connect(pSocket, &QWebSocket::textMessageReceived,
            this, &ChatServer::processMessage);
    connect(pSocket, &QWebSocket::disconnected,
            this, &ChatServer::socketDisconnected);

    // 使用 list 进行管理，方便断开
    m_clients << pSocket;
}
//! [onNewConnection]

//! [processMessage]
void ChatServer::processMessage(const QString &message)
{
    QWebSocket *pSender = qobject_cast<QWebSocket *>(sender());
    for (QWebSocket *pClient : qAsConst(m_clients)) {
        if (pClient == pSender) //don't echo message back to sender
        {
            pClient->sendTextMessage(message + " @ host echo ");
            qDebug() << "peer address = " << pClient->peerAddress();
        }
    }
    QTextStream(stdout) << "received msg: " << message << std::endl;
}
//! [processMessage]

//! [socketDisconnected]
void ChatServer::socketDisconnected()
{
    QWebSocket *pClient = qobject_cast<QWebSocket *>(sender());
    QTextStream(stdout) << getIdentifier(pClient) << " disconnected!\n";
    if (pClient)
    {
        m_clients.removeAll(pClient);
        pClient->deleteLater();
    }
}
//! [socketDisconnected]

main.cpp

#include <QtCore/QCoreApplication>

#include "chatserver.h"

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);
    ChatServer server(1234);

    return a.exec();
}

2. 客户端
   clientwidget.h

#ifndef CLIENTWIDGET_H
#define CLIENTWIDGET_H

#include <QWidget>
#include "WebsocketClient.h"

QT_FORWARD_DECLARE_CLASS(QWebSocketClient)
QT_FORWARD_DECLARE_CLASS(QWebSocket)

namespace Ui {
class ClientWidget;
}

class ClientWidget : public QWidget
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    explicit ClientWidget(QWidget *parent = 0);
    ~ClientWidget();

private slots:
    void on_pushButton_clicked();

    void on_pushButton_2_clicked();

    void slot_recvMsg(QString msg);

private:
    Ui::ClientWidget *ui;

    WebsocketClient m_client;
};

#endif // CLIENTWIDGET_H

clientwidget.cpp

#include "ClientWidget.h"
#include "ui_ClientWidgetwidget.h"

ClientWidget::ClientWidget(QWidget *parent) :
    QWidget(parent),
    ui(new Ui::ClientWidget)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);


}

ClientWidget::~ClientWidget()
{
    delete ui;
}

void ClientWidget::on_pushButton_clicked()
{
    m_client.connectToServer();

    connect(&m_client, &WebsocketClient::sig_newMsg, this, &ClientWidget::slot_recvMsg);
}

void ClientWidget::on_pushButton_2_clicked()
{
    m_client.sendMsg(ui->lineEditSendTxt->text());
}

void ClientWidget::slot_recvMsg(QString msg)
{
    ui->textBrowserRecv->append(msg);
}

websocketclient.h

#ifndef WEBSOCKETCLIENT_H
#define WEBSOCKETCLIENT_H

#include <QDebug>
#include <QWebSocket>
QT_FORWARD_DECLARE_CLASS(QWebSocketClient)
QT_FORWARD_DECLARE_CLASS(QWebSocket)

class WebsocketClient:public QObject
{
    Q_OBJECT
public:
    WebsocketClient();

    //connect to server
    void connectToServer();

    bool sendMsg(QString msg);

    void disConnect();

public slots:
    void slot_recvMsg(QString msg);

signals:
    void sig_newMsg(QString msg);

private:
    QWebSocket m_clientSocket;
};

#endif // WEBSOCKETCLIENT_H

websocketclient.cpp

#include "WebsocketClient.h"

WebsocketClient::WebsocketClient()
{

}

void WebsocketClient::connectToServer()
{
    QString urlStr = "ws://127.0.0.1:1234";
    m_clientSocket.open(QUrl(urlStr));
    connect(&m_clientSocket, &QWebSocket::textMessageReceived, this, &WebsocketClient::slot_recvMsg);
}

bool WebsocketClient::sendMsg(QString msg)
{
    if (m_clientSocket.sendTextMessage(msg)) {
        return true;
    }
    else {
           return false;
    }
}

void WebsocketClient::disConnect()
{
    m_clientSocket.close();
}

void WebsocketClient::slot_recvMsg(QString msg)
{
    qDebug() << "client received from host: " << msg;
    emit sig_newMsg(msg);
}