nginx的两种用法：
-
打通前后端项目，前后端分离的项目，通过nginx建立连接
-
负载均衡，一台机器请求转发至多个服务器
1. 前后端分离项目，打通前后端项目
前端项目中的配置：
后端项目的ip和端口号就是正常的
下面看看nginx的配置文件：
将打包后的前端项目放这里：
vue项目打包后会生成一个dist文件夹
放在服务器上：
如果说前端的项目有改动，或者nginx.conf有改动，则重启nginx
cd /usr/local/nginx/sbin
./nginx -s reload
nginx.conf
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
location /prod-api/{
proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_pass http://localhost:8080/;
proxy_connect_timeout 300s;
proxy_send_timeout 300s;
proxy_read_timeout 300s;
}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
2. 负载均衡，一台机器请求转发至多个服务器
](https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/6e73664c04d84a6c921cc27b99973439.png)
有些项目，需要负载均衡，就是真实网址不想暴露出来，当用户请求nginx服务器所在的网址时，会跳转到其他网站
有以下几种方式，并将配置文件献上：
- ip_hash
- 轮询
- 权重轮询
- 最少连接
这几种方式nginx.conf配置文件基本相同，就是upstream里面的东西不一样
2.1 ip_hash
用途：
这个方法确保了相同的客户端的请求一直发送到相同的服务器，这样每个访客都固定访问一个后端服务器
例如
nginx服务器ip为10.1.11.10，则图示中，
张三的电脑不论何时访问10.1.11.10:9001时，跳转的地址一直是10.1.11.12:8001,
李四的电脑不论何时访问10.1.11.10:9001时，跳转的地址一直是10.1.11.13:8002
因为张三李四的电脑不是同一台，IP不一样导致的
nginx.conf
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
upstream myhost{
ip_hash;
server 10.1.11.12:8001;
server 10.1.11.13:8002;
}
server {
listen 9001;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
proxy_pass http://myhost;
}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
2.2 轮询
就是将上一个配置文件中的ip_hash去掉即可
用途：
该方式是默认方式，轮询适合服务器配置相当，无状态且短平快的服务使用。另外在轮询中，如果服务器挂掉，会自动剔除该服务器
例如：
nginx服务器ip为10.1.11.10，则这种方式中，
张三的电脑不论何时访问10.1.11.10:9001时，跳转的地址有时是10.1.11.12:8001,有时是10.1.11.13:8002
李四的电脑不论何时访问10.1.11.10:9001时，跳转的地址有时是10.1.11.12:8001,有时是10.1.11.13:8002
因为访问跳转是随机的
nginx.conf
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
upstream myhost{
server 10.1.11.12:8001;
server 10.1.11.13:8002;
}
server {
listen 9001;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
proxy_pass http://myhost;
}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
2.3 权重轮询
用途：
nginx服务器根据配置的权重进行请求分发，适合服务器的硬件配置差别比较大的情况
例如：
nginx服务器ip为10.1.11.10，则这种方式中，
张三的电脑访问10.1.11.10:9001时，访问了4次，有一次跳转的地址是10.1.11.12:8001,有三次跳转的地址是10.1.11.13:8002
因为访问跳转是有权重的，10.1.11.12:8001的权重是1，10.1.11.13:8002的权重是3
nginx.conf
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
upstream myhost{
server 10.1.11.12:8001 weight=1; #该台服务器接受1/4的请求量
server 10.1.11.13:8002 weight=3; #该台服务器接受3/4的请求量
}
server {
listen 9001;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
proxy_pass http://myhost;
}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
2.4 最少连接
用途：
轮询算法是把请求平均的转发给各个后端，使它们的负载大致相同；但是，有些请求占用的时间很长，会导致其所在的后端负载较高。这种情况下，least_conn这种方式就可以达到更好的负载均衡效果，适合请求处理时间长短不一造成服务器过载的情况
例如：
nginx服务器ip为10.1.11.10，则这种方式中，
之前有10个人访问10.1.11.10:9001，有3次访问跳转到了10.1.11.12:8001，
有7次访问跳转到了10.1.11.13:8002
那么张三再次访问时，会跳转到10.1.11.12:8001
因为10.1.11.12:8001连接的次数最少
nginx.conf
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
upstream myhost{
least_conn; # 把请求分派给连接数最少的服务器
server 10.1.11.12:8001 ;
server 10.1.11.13:8002 ;
}
server {
listen 9001;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
proxy_pass http://myhost;
}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
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