3_并发服务器(多进程&多线程)

1、多进程

1）父进程最大文件描述个数
2）系统内创建进程个数
3）进程创建过多是否降低整体服务性能
server端

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#define MAXLINE 80
#define SERV_PORT 800
void do_sigchild(int num)
{
	while (waitpid(0,NULL,WNOHANG)>0)
	;
}
int main(void)
{
	struct sockaddr_in servaddr, cliaddr
	socklen_t cliaddr_len;
	int listenfd , connfd;
	char buf[MAXLINE];
	char str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
	int i ,n
	pid_t pid;
	
	/*信号结构体*/
	struct sigaction newact; 
	newact.sa_handler = do_sigchild;
	/*sigemptyset(sigset_t *set)用来将参数set信号集初始化并清空。*/
	sigemptyset (&newact.sa_mask);
	newact.sa_flags = 0;
	/*int sigaction(int signum, const struct sigaction *act,
                     struct sigaction *oldact);*/
  /*signum参数指出要捕获的信号类型，act参数指定新的信号处理方式，oldact参数输出先前信号的处理方式（如果不为NULL的话）*/
	sigaction(SIGCHLD,&newact,NULL);
	
	listenfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
	bzero(&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr));
	servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
	servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);
	
	bind(listenfd,（struct sockaddr *)&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr));
  /*int listen(int sockfd, int backlog);最多允许20个处于连接状态*/
  listen(listenfd,20);
	printf("Accepting connections ... \n");
	while(1){
		cliaddr_len = sizeof(cliaddr);
		connfd = accept(listenfd,(struct sockaddr*)&cliaddr,&cliaddr_len);
		/*子进程中pid = 0,执行子进程程序，父进程中返回子进程的pid号*/
		pid = fork();
		if(pid == 0){ //子进程的程序
			close(listenfd);
			while(1){
				n = read(connfd,buf,MAXLINE);
				if(n == 0){
					printf("the other side has been closed.\n");
					break;
				}
				printf("received from %s at PORT %d\n",
							inet_ntop(AF_INET,&cliaddr.sin_addr,str,sizeof(str)),
							ntohs(cliaddr.sin_port));
				for(i = 0;i<n;i++){
					buf[i] = toupper(buf[i]);
				}		
				write(connfd,buf,n);	
			}
			close(connfd);
			return 0;
		}else if (pid > 0){//父进程的程序
			close(connfd);  //父进程只需要listefd，具体accept在子进程中进行
		}else{
			perr_exit("fork");
		}
	}
	close(listenfd);
	return 0;
}

client.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>

#define MAXLINE 80
#define SERV_PORT 6666
int main (int argc,char *argv[])
{
	struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
	char buf[MAXLINE];
	int sockfd,n;
	sockfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
	bzero(&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr));
	servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	/*ip地址转换函数，将点分10进制转换成二进制*/
	inet_pton(AF_INET,"127.0.0.1",&servaddr.sin_addr);
	servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);

	connect(sockfd,(struct sockaddr *)&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr));
	/*fgets从标准输入中读入字符串*/
	while(fgets(buf,MAXLINE,stdin)!= NULL){
	write(sockfd,buf,strlen(buf));
	n = read(sockfd,buf,MAXLINE);
	if(n == 0){
		printf("the other side has benn closed.\n");
		break;
  }else{
  	write(STDOUT_FILENO,buf,n);
  }
  close(sockfd);
  return 0;
  }
}

2、多线程

1）调整进程内最大文件描述符上限
2）线程如有共享数据，考虑线程同步
3）服务于客户端线程退出时，退出处理（退出值，分离态）
4）系统负载，随着链接客户端增加，导致其他线程不能及时得到CPU

server.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <pthread.h>

struct s_info {
	struct sockaddr_in cliaddr;
	int connfd;
};
void *do_work(void *arg)
{
	int n ,i;
	struct s_info *ts = (struct s_info*)arg;
	char buf[MAXLINE];
	char str[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];

	/*可以在创建线程前设置线程创建属性，设为分离态，哪种效率高？*/
	/*pthread_t pthread_self(void);
	函数作用：获得线程自身的ID。pthread_t的类型为unsigned long int*/
	/*pthread_detach(thread_id)（非阻塞，可立即返回）
	这将该子线程的状态设置为detached,则该线程运行结束后会自动释放所有资源*/
	pthread_detach(pthread_self());
	while(1){
		n = read(ts->connfd,buf,MAXLINE);
		if(n == 0){
			printf("the other side has been closed.\n");
			break;
		}
		/*inet_ntop 将二进制转换为点分十进制*/
		/*ntohs将一个16位数由网络字节顺序转换为主机字节顺*/
		printf("received from %s at PORT %d\n",
					inet_ntop(AF_INET,&(*ts).cliaddr.sin_addr,str,sizeof(str)),
					ntohs((*ts).cliaddr.sin_port));
			for(i = 0;i<n;i++)
			{
				/*int toupper(int c) 将字符c转换为大写字母*/
				buf[i] = toupper(buf[i]);
				write(ts->connfd,buf,n);
			}
		}
		close(ts->connfd);
	}

		int main(void)
		{
			struct sockaddr_in servaddr,cliaddr;
			socklen_t cliaddr_len;
			int listenfd,connfd;
			int i = 0;
			pthread_t tid;
			struct s_info ts[256];
			
			listenfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
			
			bzero(&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr));
			servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
			servaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
			servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);
			
			bind(listenfd,(struct sockaddr*)&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr));
			
			listen(listenfd,20);
			
			printf("Accepting connections ...\n");
			while(1){
				cliaddr_len = sizeof(cliaddr);
				connfd = accept(listenfd,(struct sockaddr*)&cliaddr,&cliaddr_len);
				ts[i].cliaddr = cliaddr;
				ts[i].connfd = connfd;
				/*当达到线程最大数时，pthread_create出错处理，增加服务器稳定性*/
				pthread_create(&tid,NULL,do_work,(void*)&ts[i]);
				i++;
			}
			return 0;
		}	

client.c

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>

#define MAXLINE 80
#define SERV_PORT 6666

int main(int argc,char *argv[])
{
	struct sockaddr_in servaddr;
	char buf[MAXLINE];
	int sockfd,n;
	sockfd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
	bzero(&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr));
	servaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	inet_pton(AF_INET,"127.0.0.1",&servaddr.sin_addr);
	servaddr.sin_port = htons(SERV_PORT);
	
	connect(sockfd,(struct sockaddr*)&servaddr,sizeof(servaddr));

	while(fgets(buf,MAXLINE,stdin)!=NULL){
		write(sockfd,buf,strlen(buf));
		n = read(sockfd,buf,MAXLINE);
		if(n == 0)
		{
			printf("the other side has been closed.\n");
		}else{
			write(STDOUT_FILENO,buf,n);
		}
		}
		close(sockfd);
		return 0;
}