[读书笔记]《如何阅读一本书》How to Read a Book 05

书名：如何阅读一本书
Title: How to Read a Book-The Classic Guide To Intelligent Reading
Author: Mortimer J.Adler & Charles Van Doren

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Part One: The Dimensions of Reading

5. How to be a Demanding Reader

为什么要在这里突然插上这一节呢？理解这一节的关键在于：什么是Demanding Reader。
这一问题在开篇几段的末尾有提示：
The reason is that they do not know how to keep their mind on what they are doing by making it do the work without which no profit can be earned.

我觉得奇怪的是，整本书不就是在讲如何读好一本书，那么愿意按照这些规则来的人肯定也是愿意做 demanding reader 的人呀。也许这才是这本书真正开始的地方吧。

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5.1 The Essence of Active Reading: The Four Basic Questions a Reader Asks

作者在这里才开始正式对 Active Reading 下了定义 （前面几篇提过什么是 Activing Reading，但是仅仅是提到了其特点，而不是正式的定义。）

Active Reading: Ask questions while you read — questions that yourself must try to answer in the course of reading.

任何一本书都必须要问四个问题（这真是本书的精华了）：

1. What is the book about as a whole?
   The leading theme, how it is structured and developed.
2. What is being said in detail, and how?
   Main ideas, assertions and arguments.
3. Is the book true, in whole or part?
   Knowing the author’s mind is not enough.
4. What of it?

这整个四个问题当中，大概是指我们得明白作者想要讨论的问题是什么，那他的作出的讨论又是什么，他的观点对吗。最后这一个问题我理解得不太透彻。

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5.2 How to Make a Book Your Own

作者建议读书的时候记笔记，主要有一下这些好处：

• 让你读书的时候保持清醒
• 让你记录你的思绪
• 让你牢记作者的思路

紧接着，作者罗列出了几种记笔记的技巧。

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5.3 The Three Kinds of Note-making

Inspectional Reading 想要解决的三个问题：

1. What kind of book is it?
2. What is it about as a whole?
3. What is the structural order of the work whereby the author develops his conception or understanding of the general subject matter?

回答这几个问题得到的便是 structural notes。

Analytical reading 意味着我们需要回答关于一本书的 Truth and significance。回答这些问题得到的就是 conceptual notes.

Syntopical reading 意味着我们要记录 the shape of discussion. 这种笔记叫作 dialectical notes.

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5.4 Forming the Habit of Reading

为什么说阅读是一种艺术？
作者认为阅读的技巧经过不停的反复练习，就可以成为一种自然而然的习惯，只有当 obeying rules 成了一种下意识的习惯，才可以说是 skillful in reading.

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5.5 From Many Rules to One Habit

作者认为，阅读涉及到众多复杂的、冗长的技巧，但是经过练习我们会变得更熟练，会把分开的步骤逐渐融合起来，成为一个和谐的整体。