MySQL多实例管理(centOS中二进制安装MySQL)

多实例的好处

数据库实例1，目录是
/my_mysql/3306/
/my_mysql/3306/data
/my_mysql/3306/my.cnf
/my_mysql/3306/mysqld

数据库实例3，目录是
/my_mysql/3307/
/my_mysql/3307/data
/my_mysql/3307/my.cnf
/my_mysql/3307/mysqld

不同的应用程序，读取不同的mysql实例

部署MySQL多实例

基于一个MySQL应用
初始化3次，生成3个独立的MySQL数据目录，即为三个MySQL独立的实力

如何准备MySQL应用

二进制方式安装MySQL

一、二进制方式安装MySQL

1. 获取二进制代码包
wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.40-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

2.安装MySQL运行所需的基础依赖
yum install ncurses-devel libaio-devel gcc make cmake -y

3.清空之前编译安装MySQL，配置的环境的清理
清空PATH有关的MySQL

[root@centOS78 ~]# echo $PATH
/application/mysql-5.6.40-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin


4.停止当前Linux的MySQL(若是存在MySQL端口的话)
[root@centOS78 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop
Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!

5.创建MySQL用户
[root@centOS78 ~]# id mysql
uid=27(mysql) gid=27(mysql) groups=27(mysql)

6.准备好MySQL多实例的数据目录
[root@centOS78 ~]# mkdir -p /my_mysql/{3306,3307}
[root@centOS78 ~]# tree /my_mysql/
/my_mysql/
├── 3306
└── 3307
2 directories, 0 files


7.解压缩进二进制的MySQL软件包
 注意：-C  指定目录压缩
 [root@centOS78 ~]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.40-linuxglibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /application/



8.解压缩最后一步，查看MySQL的安装包信息
[root@centOS78 ~]#  cd /application/
[root@centOS78 ~]# ls -lth
total 0


9.刚才解压缩的二进制MySQL暗转目录

drwxr-xr-x 13 root root 191 May 12 14:59 mysql-5.6.40-linuxglibc2.12-x86_64

一个简单的软连接
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 26 May 9 15:49 mysql ->/application/mysql-5.6.40/

二、准备二进制MySQL运行所需的环境

1.准备MySQL多实例的，各个配置文件
	3306
	3307
2.准备各个启停管理脚本
3.数据初始化，生成MySQL的初始化data数据

三、准备多个实例的配置文件

1.实例1:3306的配置文件
[root@centOS78 ~]# vim /my_mysql/3306/my.cnf

[client]

[mysqld]

port=3306
socket=/my_mysql/3306/mysql.sock
basedir=/application/mysql-5.6.40-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
datadir=/my_mysql/3306/data
log-bin=/my_mysql/3306/mysql-bin
server-id=1

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/my_mysql/3306/mysql_3306_error.log
pid-file=/my_mysql/3306/mysqld_3306.pid


2.实例2:3307的配置文件
[root@centOS78 ~]# vim /my_mysql/3307/my.cnf

[client]

[mysqld]
port=3307
socket=/my_mysql/3307/mysql.sock
basedir=/application/mysql-5.6.40-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/
datadir=/my_mysql/3307/data
log-bin=/my_mysql/3307/mysql-bin
server-id=2


[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/my_mysql/3307/mysql_3307_error.log
pid-file=/my_mysql/3307/mysqld_3307.pid

四、3306 3307的启停脚本

注意：3306和3307这2个实例，配置文件也得区别开

1.在3306下配置mysql_3306
[root@centOS78 3306]# vim mysql_3306
port=3306
mysql_user="mysql"
Cmdpath="/application/mysql-5.6.40-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/"
mysql_sock="/my_mysql/${port}/mysql.sock"
mysqld_pid_file_path=/my_mysql/${port}/mysqld_${port}.pid
start(){
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
 printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
 /bin/sh ${Cmdpath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/my_mysql/${port}/my.cnf --pid-file=$mysqld_pid_file_path 2>&1 > /dev/null &
 sleep 3
else
 printf "MySQL is running...\n"
 exit 1
fi
}
stop(){
 if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
 printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"
 exit 1
 else
 printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
 mysqld_pid=`cat "$mysqld_pid_file_path"`
 if (kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null)
 then
 kill $mysqld_pid
 sleep 2
 fi
 fi
}
restart(){
 printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
 stop
 sleep 2
 start
}
case "$1" in
start)
 start
;;
stop)
 stop
;;
restart)
 restart
;;
*)
 printf "Usage: /data/${port}/mysql{start|stop|restart}\n"
esac

注意：
	赋予可执行权限
	[root@centOS78 3306]# chmod +x mysql_3306


2.在3307下配置mysql_3307
[root@centOS78 3307]# vim mysql_3307
port=3307
mysql_user="mysql"
Cmdpath="/application/mysql-5.6.40-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/"
mysql_sock="/my_mysql/${port}/mysql.sock"
mysqld_pid_file_path=/my_mysql/${port}/mysqld_${port}.pid
start(){
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
 printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
 /bin/sh ${Cmdpath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/my_mysql/${port}/my.cnf --pid-file=$mysqld_pid_file_path 2>&1 > /dev/null &
 sleep 3
else
 printf "MySQL is running...\n"
 exit 1
fi
}
stop(){
 if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
 printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"
 exit 1
 else
 printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
 mysqld_pid=`cat "$mysqld_pid_file_path"`
 if (kill -0 $mysqld_pid 2>/dev/null)
 then
 kill $mysqld_pid
 sleep 2
 fi
 fi
}
restart(){
 printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
 stop
 sleep 2
 start
}
case "$1" in
start)
 start
;;
stop)
 stop
;;
restart)
 restart
;;
*)
 printf "Usage: /data/${port}/mysql{start|stop|restart}\n"
esac


注意：
	赋予可执行权限
	[root@centOS78 3307]# chmod +x mysql_3307

五、降低权限，全部赋予给MySQL

[root@centOS78 3307]# chown -R mysql.mysql /my_mysql/

六、PATH配置

root@centOS78 ~]# tail -1 /etc/profile
export PATH=/application/mysql-5.6.40-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/:$PATH


root@centOS78 ~]# echo $PATH
/application/mysql-5.6.40-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin


root@centOS78 ~]# which mysql
/application/mysql-5.6.40-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin/mysql

七、创建多个实例对应的数据目录

分别创建 3306 3307
2个目录的数据目录

root@centOS78 ~]# mkdir -p /my_mysql/3306/data
root@centOS78 ~]# mkdir -p /my_mysql/3307/data

root@centOS78 ~]# tree /my_mysql/
/my_mysql/
├── 3306
│ ├── data
│ ├── my.cnf
│ └── mysql_3306
└── 3307
 ├── data
 ├── my.cnf

八、见证MySQL的多实例初始化

1.初始化3306的数据

此时3306的data文件夹是空的，没有数据
root@centOS78 ~]#  ls /my_mysql/3306/data/

执行初始化，生成MySQL运行所需的初始化数据
/application/mysql-5.6.40-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/my_mysql/3306/my.cnf --basedir=/application/mysql-5.6.40-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ --datadir=/my_mysql/3306/data/ --user=mysql

注意：
	出现两个OK后表示正常
	
此时会正确生成MySQL的初始数据
root@centOS78 ~]# ls -l /my_mysql/3306/data/
total 110604
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql       56 Aug 27 20:47 auto.cnf
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Aug 27 21:44 ibdata1
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Aug 27 21:44 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Aug 27 19:50 ib_logfile1
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql       20 Aug 27 21:15 lin1
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql     4096 Aug 27 19:50 mysql
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql     4096 Aug 27 20:29 performance_schema
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql        6 Aug 27 19:50 test

2.初始化3307的数据

此时3306的data文件夹是空的，没有数据
root@centOS78 ~]#  ls /my_mysql/3307/data/

执行初始化，生成MySQL运行所需的初始化数据
/application/mysql-5.6.40-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/my_mysql/3307/my.cnf --basedir=/application/mysql-5.6.40-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ --datadir=/my_mysql/3307/data/ --user=mysql

注意：
	出现两个OK后表示正常
	
此时会正确生成MySQL的初始数据
root@centOS78 ~]# ls -l /my_mysql/3307/data/
total 110604
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql       56 Aug 27 20:48 auto.cnf
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Aug 27 21:47 ibdata1
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Aug 27 21:47 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Aug 27 19:50 ib_logfile1
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql     4096 Aug 27 19:50 mysql
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql     4096 Aug 27 20:30 performance_schema
drwx------ 2 mysql mysql        6 Aug 27 19:50 test

3.创建MySQL的错误日志文件

root@centOS78 ~]# touch /my_mysql/3306/mysql_3306_error.log
root@centOS78 ~]# touch /my_mysql/3307/mysql_3307_error.log

注意：
	再次对整个目录授权
root@centOS78 ~]# chown -R mysql.mysql /my_mysql/

九、分别启动MySQL多实例

1.启动3306数据库

确保当前没有其他MySQL

root@centOS78 ~]#  netstat -tunlp |grep mysql

root@centOS78 ~]#  /my_mysql/3306/mysql_3306
Usage: /data/3306/mysql{start|stop|restart}
root@centOS78 ~]#  /my_mysql/3306/mysql_3306 start
MySQL is running...


用如下命令登录，使用sock套接字文件登录
root@centOS78 ~]#  mysql -S /my_mysql/3307/mysql.sock
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.40-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All
rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or
its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current
input statement.
mysql>
mysql>
mysql>
mysql>
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;

2.启动3307数据库

确保当前没有其他MySQL

root@centOS78 ~]#  netstat -tunlp |grep mysql

root@centOS78 ~]#  /my_mysql/3307/mysql_3307
Usage: /data/3307/mysql{start|stop|restart}
root@centOS78 ~]#  /my_mysql/3307/mysql_3307 start
MySQL is running...


用如下命令登录，使用sock套接字文件登录
root@centOS78 ~]#  mysql -S /my_mysql/3307/mysql.sock
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.6.40-log MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All
rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or
its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current
input statement.
mysql>
mysql>
mysql>
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show databases;