C#编程之线程同步

线程同步

线程同步：是指在某一时刻只有一个线程可以访问对象。

假设桌上有一个红球，一个白球，两个线程都想拿走红球，则需要考虑线程同步问题。
代码如下：

 class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            RemoveList list = new RemoveList();
            list.list.Add("红球");
            list.list.Add("白球");
            Thread thread1 = new Thread(new ParameterizedThreadStart(list.Remove));
            thread1.Name = "thread_1";
            Thread thread2 = new Thread(new ParameterizedThreadStart(list.Remove));
            thread2.Name = "thread_2";
            thread1.Start("红球");
            thread2.Start("红球");
            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }

若不考虑线程同步：

class RemoveList
    {
        public List<string> list = new List<string>();
        public void Remove(object str)
        {
            var TmbList = list;
            if (TmbList.Contains(str.ToString()))
            {
                Thread.Sleep(1000);
                list.Remove(str.ToString());
                Console.WriteLine("{0}线程==拿走了=={1}", Thread.CurrentThread.Name, str.ToString());
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine("{0}线程==没拿走=={1}", Thread.CurrentThread.Name, str.ToString());
            }
        }
    }

结果如下：

显然，结果是不对的。只有一个红球，不可能被两个线程同时拿走。

lock

优化代码后：

class RemoveList
    {
        public List<string> list = new List<string>();
        public void Remove(object str)
        {
            //使用lock关键字解决线程同步问题
            lock (this)
            {
                var TmbList = list;
                if (TmbList.Contains(str.ToString()))
                {
                    Thread.Sleep(1000);
                    list.Remove(str.ToString());
                    Console.WriteLine("{0}线程==拿走了=={1}", Thread.CurrentThread.Name, str.ToString());
                }
                else
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("{0}线程==没拿走=={1}", Thread.CurrentThread.Name, str.ToString());
                }
            }
        }
    }

结果如下：

Monitor

优化代码后：

class RemoveList
    {
        public List<string> list = new List<string>();
        public void Remove(object str)
        {
            //使用Monitor解决线程同步问题
            try
            {
                Monitor.Enter(this);
                var TmbList = list;
                if (TmbList.Contains(str.ToString()))
                {
                    Thread.Sleep(1000);
                    list.Remove(str.ToString());
                    Console.WriteLine("{0}线程==拿走了=={1}", Thread.CurrentThread.Name, str.ToString());
                }
                else
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("{0}线程==没拿走=={1}", Thread.CurrentThread.Name, str.ToString());
                }
            }
            catch { }
            finally 
            {
                Monitor.Exit(this);
            }
        }
    }

结果如下：