LeetCode 1~7题

第一题：

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> twoSum(vector<int>& nums, int target) {
        unordered_map<int,int> hash;
        for(int i=0;i<nums.size();i++)
        {
            if(hash.count(target-nums[i])) return {hash[target-nums[i]],i};
            hash[nums[i]] = i;
        }
        return {-1,-1};
    }
};

class Solution {
    public int[] twoSum(int[] nums, int target) {
        Map<Integer, Integer> hashtable = new HashMap<Integer, Integer>();
        for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; ++i) {
            if (hashtable.containsKey(target - nums[i])) {
                return new int[]{hashtable.get(target - nums[i]), i};
            }
            hashtable.put(nums[i], i);
        }
        return new int[0];
    }
}

struct hashTable {
    int key;
    int val;
    UT_hash_handle hh;
};

struct hashTable* hashtable;

struct hashTable* find(int ikey) {
    struct hashTable* tmp;
    HASH_FIND_INT(hashtable, &ikey, tmp);
    return tmp;
}

void insert(int ikey, int ival) {
    struct hashTable* it = find(ikey);
    if (it == NULL) {
        struct hashTable* tmp = malloc(sizeof(struct hashTable));
        tmp->key = ikey, tmp->val = ival;
        HASH_ADD_INT(hashtable, key, tmp);
    } else {
        it->val = ival;
    }
}

int* twoSum(int* nums, int numsSize, int target, int* returnSize) {
    hashtable = NULL;
    for (int i = 0; i < numsSize; i++) {
        struct hashTable* it = find(target - nums[i]);
        if (it != NULL) {
            int* ret = malloc(sizeof(int) * 2);
            ret[0] = it->val, ret[1] = i;
            *returnSize = 2;
            return ret;
        }
        insert(nums[i], i);
    }
    *returnSize = 0;
    return NULL;
}

class Solution:
    def twoSum(self, nums: List[int], target: int) -> List[int]:
        hashtable = dict()
        for i, num in enumerate(nums):
            if target - num in hashtable:
                return [hashtable[target - num], i]
            hashtable[nums[i]] = i
        return []

func twoSum(nums []int, target int) []int {
    hashTable := map[int]int{}
    for i, x := range nums {
        if p, ok := hashTable[target-x]; ok {
            return []int{p, i}
        }
        hashTable[x] = i
    }
    return nil
}

第二题：

/**
 * Definition for singly-linked list.
 * struct ListNode {
 *     int val;
 *     ListNode *next;
 *     ListNode() : val(0), next(nullptr) {}
 *     ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(nullptr) {}
 *     ListNode(int x, ListNode *next) : val(x), next(next) {}
 * };
 */
class Solution {
public:
    ListNode* addTwoNumbers(ListNode* l1, ListNode* l2) {
        auto dummy = new ListNode(-1), cur = dummy;
        int t = 0;
        while (l1 || l2 || t) {
            if (l1) t += l1->val, l1 = l1->next;
            if (l2) t += l2->val, l2 = l2->next;
            cur = cur->next = new ListNode(t % 10);
            t /= 10;
        }
        return dummy->next;
    }
};

class Solution {
    public ListNode addTwoNumbers(ListNode l1, ListNode l2) {
        ListNode head = null, tail = null;
        int carry = 0;
        while (l1 != null || l2 != null) {
            int n1 = l1 != null ? l1.val : 0;
            int n2 = l2 != null ? l2.val : 0;
            int sum = n1 + n2 + carry;
            if (head == null) {
                head = tail = new ListNode(sum % 10);
            } else {
                tail.next = new ListNode(sum % 10);
                tail = tail.next;
            }
            carry = sum / 10;
            if (l1 != null) {
                l1 = l1.next;
            }
            if (l2 != null) {
                l2 = l2.next;
            }
        }
        if (carry > 0) {
            tail.next = new ListNode(carry);
        }
        return head;
    }
}

var addTwoNumbers = function(l1, l2) {
    let head = null, tail = null;
    let carry = 0;
    while (l1 || l2) {
        const n1 = l1 ? l1.val : 0;
        const n2 = l2 ? l2.val : 0;
        const sum = n1 + n2 + carry;
        if (!head) {
            head = tail = new ListNode(sum % 10);
        } else {
            tail.next = new ListNode(sum % 10);
            tail = tail.next;
        }
        carry = Math.floor(sum / 10);
        if (l1) {
            l1 = l1.next;
        }
        if (l2) {
            l2 = l2.next;
        }
    }
    if (carry > 0) {
        tail.next = new ListNode(carry);
    }
    return head;
};

func addTwoNumbers(l1, l2 *ListNode) (head *ListNode) {
    var tail *ListNode
    carry := 0
    for l1 != nil || l2 != nil {
        n1, n2 := 0, 0
        if l1 != nil {
            n1 = l1.Val
            l1 = l1.Next
        }
        if l2 != nil {
            n2 = l2.Val
            l2 = l2.Next
        }
        sum := n1 + n2 + carry
        sum, carry = sum%10, sum/10
        if head == nil {
            head = &ListNode{Val: sum}
            tail = head
        } else {
            tail.Next = &ListNode{Val: sum}
            tail = tail.Next
        }
    }
    if carry > 0 {
        tail.Next = &ListNode{Val: carry}
    }
    return
}

struct ListNode* addTwoNumbers(struct ListNode* l1, struct ListNode* l2) {
    struct ListNode *head = NULL, *tail = NULL;
    int carry = 0;
    while (l1 || l2) {
        int n1 = l1 ? l1->val : 0;
        int n2 = l2 ? l2->val : 0;
        int sum = n1 + n2 + carry;
        if (!head) {
            head = tail = malloc(sizeof(struct ListNode));
            tail->val = sum % 10;
            tail->next = NULL;
        } else {
            tail->next = malloc(sizeof(struct ListNode));
            tail->next->val = sum % 10;
            tail = tail->next;
            tail->next = NULL;
        }
        carry = sum / 10;
        if (l1) {
            l1 = l1->next;
        }
        if (l2) {
            l2 = l2->next;
        }
    }
    if (carry > 0) {
        tail->next = malloc(sizeof(struct ListNode));
        tail->next->val = carry;
        tail->next->next = NULL;
    }
    return head;
}

第三题：

class Solution {
public:
    int lengthOfLongestSubstring(string s) {
        unordered_map<char, int> heap;
        int res = 0;
        for (int i = 0, j = 0; i < s.size(); i ++ ) {
            heap[s[i]] ++ ;
            while (heap[s[i]] > 1) heap[s[j ++ ]] -- ;
            res = max(res, i - j + 1);
        }
        return res;
    }
};

class Solution {
    public int lengthOfLongestSubstring(String s) {
        // 哈希集合，记录每个字符是否出现过
        Set<Character> occ = new HashSet<Character>();
        int n = s.length();
        // 右指针，初始值为 -1，相当于我们在字符串的左边界的左侧，还没有开始移动
        int rk = -1, ans = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            if (i != 0) {
                // 左指针向右移动一格，移除一个字符
                occ.remove(s.charAt(i - 1));
            }
            while (rk + 1 < n && !occ.contains(s.charAt(rk + 1))) {
                // 不断地移动右指针
                occ.add(s.charAt(rk + 1));
                ++rk;
            }
            // 第 i 到 rk 个字符是一个极长的无重复字符子串
            ans = Math.max(ans, rk - i + 1);
        }
        return ans;
    }
}

class Solution:
    def lengthOfLongestSubstring(self, s: str) -> int:
        # 哈希集合，记录每个字符是否出现过
        occ = set()
        n = len(s)
        # 右指针，初始值为 -1，相当于我们在字符串的左边界的左侧，还没有开始移动
        rk, ans = -1, 0
        for i in range(n):
            if i != 0:
                # 左指针向右移动一格，移除一个字符
                occ.remove(s[i - 1])
            while rk + 1 < n and s[rk + 1] not in occ:
                # 不断地移动右指针
                occ.add(s[rk + 1])
                rk += 1
            # 第 i 到 rk 个字符是一个极长的无重复字符子串
            ans = max(ans, rk - i + 1)
        return ans

var lengthOfLongestSubstring = function(s) {
    // 哈希集合，记录每个字符是否出现过
    const occ = new Set();
    const n = s.length;
    // 右指针，初始值为 -1，相当于我们在字符串的左边界的左侧，还没有开始移动
    let rk = -1, ans = 0;
    for (let i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        if (i != 0) {
            // 左指针向右移动一格，移除一个字符
            occ.delete(s.charAt(i - 1));
        }
        while (rk + 1 < n && !occ.has(s.charAt(rk + 1))) {
            // 不断地移动右指针
            occ.add(s.charAt(rk + 1));
            ++rk;
        }
        // 第 i 到 rk 个字符是一个极长的无重复字符子串
        ans = Math.max(ans, rk - i + 1);
    }
    return ans;
};

func lengthOfLongestSubstring(s string) int {
    // 哈希集合，记录每个字符是否出现过
    m := map[byte]int{}
    n := len(s)
    // 右指针，初始值为 -1，相当于我们在字符串的左边界的左侧，还没有开始移动
    rk, ans := -1, 0
    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
        if i != 0 {
            // 左指针向右移动一格，移除一个字符
            delete(m, s[i-1])
        }
        for rk + 1 < n && m[s[rk+1]] == 0 {
            // 不断地移动右指针
            m[s[rk+1]]++
            rk++
        }
        // 第 i 到 rk 个字符是一个极长的无重复字符子串
        ans = max(ans, rk - i + 1)
    }
    return ans
}

func max(x, y int) int {
    if x < y {
        return y
    }
    return x
}

第四题：

class Solution {
public:
    double findMedianSortedArrays(vector<int>& nums1, vector<int>& nums2) {
        int tot = nums1.size() + nums2.size();
        if (tot % 2 == 0) {
            int left = find(nums1, 0, nums2, 0, tot / 2);
            int right = find(nums1, 0, nums2, 0, tot / 2 + 1);
            return (left + right) / 2.0;
        } else {
            return find(nums1, 0, nums2, 0, tot / 2 + 1);
        }
    }

    int find(vector<int>& nums1, int i, vector<int>& nums2, int j, int k) {
        if (nums1.size() - i > nums2.size() - j) return find(nums2, j, nums1, i, k);
        if (k == 1) {
            if (nums1.size() == i) return nums2[j];
            else return min(nums1[i], nums2[j]);
        }
        if (nums1.size() == i) return nums2[j + k - 1];
        int si = min((int)nums1.size(), i + k / 2), sj = j + k - k / 2;
        if (nums1[si - 1] > nums2[sj - 1])
            return find(nums1, i, nums2, sj, k - (sj - j));
        else
            return find(nums1, si, nums2, j, k - (si - i));
    }
};

class Solution {
    public double findMedianSortedArrays(int[] nums1, int[] nums2) {
        int length1 = nums1.length, length2 = nums2.length;
        int totalLength = length1 + length2;
        if (totalLength % 2 == 1) {
            int midIndex = totalLength / 2;
            double median = getKthElement(nums1, nums2, midIndex + 1);
            return median;
        } else {
            int midIndex1 = totalLength / 2 - 1, midIndex2 = totalLength / 2;
            double median = (getKthElement(nums1, nums2, midIndex1 + 1) + getKthElement(nums1, nums2, midIndex2 + 1)) / 2.0;
            return median;
        }
    }

    public int getKthElement(int[] nums1, int[] nums2, int k) {
        /* 主要思路：要找到第 k (k>1) 小的元素，那么就取 pivot1 = nums1[k/2-1] 和 pivot2 = nums2[k/2-1] 进行比较
         * 这里的 "/" 表示整除
         * nums1 中小于等于 pivot1 的元素有 nums1[0 .. k/2-2] 共计 k/2-1 个
         * nums2 中小于等于 pivot2 的元素有 nums2[0 .. k/2-2] 共计 k/2-1 个
         * 取 pivot = min(pivot1, pivot2)，两个数组中小于等于 pivot 的元素共计不会超过 (k/2-1) + (k/2-1) <= k-2 个
         * 这样 pivot 本身最大也只能是第 k-1 小的元素
         * 如果 pivot = pivot1，那么 nums1[0 .. k/2-1] 都不可能是第 k 小的元素。把这些元素全部 "删除"，剩下的作为新的 nums1 数组
         * 如果 pivot = pivot2，那么 nums2[0 .. k/2-1] 都不可能是第 k 小的元素。把这些元素全部 "删除"，剩下的作为新的 nums2 数组
         * 由于我们 "删除" 了一些元素（这些元素都比第 k 小的元素要小），因此需要修改 k 的值，减去删除的数的个数
         */

        int length1 = nums1.length, length2 = nums2.length;
        int index1 = 0, index2 = 0;
        int kthElement = 0;

        while (true) {
            // 边界情况
            if (index1 == length1) {
                return nums2[index2 + k - 1];
            }
            if (index2 == length2) {
                return nums1[index1 + k - 1];
            }
            if (k == 1) {
                return Math.min(nums1[index1], nums2[index2]);
            }
            
            // 正常情况
            int half = k / 2;
            int newIndex1 = Math.min(index1 + half, length1) - 1;
            int newIndex2 = Math.min(index2 + half, length2) - 1;
            int pivot1 = nums1[newIndex1], pivot2 = nums2[newIndex2];
            if (pivot1 <= pivot2) {
                k -= (newIndex1 - index1 + 1);
                index1 = newIndex1 + 1;
            } else {
                k -= (newIndex2 - index2 + 1);
                index2 = newIndex2 + 1;
            }
        }
    }
}

class Solution:
    def findMedianSortedArrays(self, nums1: List[int], nums2: List[int]) -> float:
        def getKthElement(k):
            """
            - 主要思路：要找到第 k (k>1) 小的元素，那么就取 pivot1 = nums1[k/2-1] 和 pivot2 = nums2[k/2-1] 进行比较
            - 这里的 "/" 表示整除
            - nums1 中小于等于 pivot1 的元素有 nums1[0 .. k/2-2] 共计 k/2-1 个
            - nums2 中小于等于 pivot2 的元素有 nums2[0 .. k/2-2] 共计 k/2-1 个
            - 取 pivot = min(pivot1, pivot2)，两个数组中小于等于 pivot 的元素共计不会超过 (k/2-1) + (k/2-1) <= k-2 个
            - 这样 pivot 本身最大也只能是第 k-1 小的元素
            - 如果 pivot = pivot1，那么 nums1[0 .. k/2-1] 都不可能是第 k 小的元素。把这些元素全部 "删除"，剩下的作为新的 nums1 数组
            - 如果 pivot = pivot2，那么 nums2[0 .. k/2-1] 都不可能是第 k 小的元素。把这些元素全部 "删除"，剩下的作为新的 nums2 数组
            - 由于我们 "删除" 了一些元素（这些元素都比第 k 小的元素要小），因此需要修改 k 的值，减去删除的数的个数
            """
            
            index1, index2 = 0, 0
            while True:
                # 特殊情况
                if index1 == m:
                    return nums2[index2 + k - 1]
                if index2 == n:
                    return nums1[index1 + k - 1]
                if k == 1:
                    return min(nums1[index1], nums2[index2])

                # 正常情况
                newIndex1 = min(index1 + k // 2 - 1, m - 1)
                newIndex2 = min(index2 + k // 2 - 1, n - 1)
                pivot1, pivot2 = nums1[newIndex1], nums2[newIndex2]
                if pivot1 <= pivot2:
                    k -= newIndex1 - index1 + 1
                    index1 = newIndex1 + 1
                else:
                    k -= newIndex2 - index2 + 1
                    index2 = newIndex2 + 1
        
        m, n = len(nums1), len(nums2)
        totalLength = m + n
        if totalLength % 2 == 1:
            return getKthElement((totalLength + 1) // 2)
        else:
            return (getKthElement(totalLength // 2) + getKthElement(totalLength // 2 + 1)) / 2

func findMedianSortedArrays(nums1 []int, nums2 []int) float64 {
    totalLength := len(nums1) + len(nums2)
    if totalLength%2 == 1 {
        midIndex := totalLength/2
        return float64(getKthElement(nums1, nums2, midIndex + 1))
    } else {
        midIndex1, midIndex2 := totalLength/2 - 1, totalLength/2
        return float64(getKthElement(nums1, nums2, midIndex1 + 1) + getKthElement(nums1, nums2, midIndex2 + 1)) / 2.0
    }
    return 0
}

func getKthElement(nums1, nums2 []int, k int) int {
    index1, index2 := 0, 0
    for {
        if index1 == len(nums1) {
            return nums2[index2 + k - 1]
        }
        if index2 == len(nums2) {
            return nums1[index1 + k - 1]
        }
        if k == 1 {
            return min(nums1[index1], nums2[index2])
        }
        half := k/2
        newIndex1 := min(index1 + half, len(nums1)) - 1
        newIndex2 := min(index2 + half, len(nums2)) - 1
        pivot1, pivot2 := nums1[newIndex1], nums2[newIndex2]
        if pivot1 <= pivot2 {
            k -= (newIndex1 - index1 + 1)
            index1 = newIndex1 + 1
        } else {
            k -= (newIndex2 - index2 + 1)
            index2 = newIndex2 + 1
        }
    }
    return 0
}

func min(x, y int) int {
    if x < y {
        return x
    }
    return y
}

第五题：

class Solution {
public:
    string longestPalindrome(string s) {
        string res;
        for (int i = 0; i < s.size(); i ++ ) {
            int l = i - 1, r = i + 1;
            while (l >= 0 && r < s.size() && s[l] == s[r]) l --, r ++ ;
            if (res.size() < r - l - 1) res = s.substr(l + 1, r - l - 1);

            l = i, r = i + 1;
            while (l >= 0 && r < s.size() && s[l] == s[r]) l --, r ++ ;
            if (res.size() < r - l - 1) res = s.substr(l + 1, r - l - 1);
        }

        return res;
    }
};

class Solution {
    public String longestPalindrome(String s) {
        int n = s.length();
        boolean[][] dp = new boolean[n][n];
        String ans = "";
        for (int l = 0; l < n; ++l) {
            for (int i = 0; i + l < n; ++i) {
                int j = i + l;
                if (l == 0) {
                    dp[i][j] = true;
                } else if (l == 1) {
                    dp[i][j] = (s.charAt(i) == s.charAt(j));
                } else {
                    dp[i][j] = (s.charAt(i) == s.charAt(j) && dp[i + 1][j - 1]);
                }
                if (dp[i][j] && l + 1 > ans.length()) {
                    ans = s.substring(i, i + l + 1);
                }
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
}

class Solution:
    def longestPalindrome(self, s: str) -> str:
        n = len(s)
        dp = [[False] * n for _ in range(n)]
        ans = ""
        # 枚举子串的长度 l+1
        for l in range(n):
            # 枚举子串的起始位置 i，这样可以通过 j=i+l 得到子串的结束位置
            for i in range(n):
                j = i + l
                if j >= len(s):
                    break
                if l == 0:
                    dp[i][j] = True
                elif l == 1:
                    dp[i][j] = (s[i] == s[j])
                else:
                    dp[i][j] = (dp[i + 1][j - 1] and s[i] == s[j])
                if dp[i][j] and l + 1 > len(ans):
                    ans = s[i:j+1]
        return ans

func longestPalindrome(s string) string {
    n := len(s)
    ans := ""
    dp := make([][]int, n)
    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
        dp[i] = make([]int, n)
    }
    for l := 0; l < n; l++ {
        for i := 0; i + l < n; i++ {
            j := i + l
            if l == 0 {
                dp[i][j] = 1
            } else if l == 1 {
                if s[i] == s[j] {
                    dp[i][j] = 1
                }
            } else {
                if s[i] == s[j] {
                    dp[i][j] = dp[i+1][j-1]
                }
            }
            if dp[i][j] > 0 && l + 1 > len(ans) {
                ans = s[i:i+l+1]
            }
        }
    }
    return ans
}

第六题：

class Solution {
public:
    string convert(string s, int n) {
        string res;
        if (n == 1) return s;
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i ++ ) {
            if (i == 0 || i == n - 1) {
                for (int j = i; j < s.size(); j += 2 * n - 2)
                    res += s[j];
            } else {
                for (int j = i, k = 2 * n - 2 - i; j < s.size() || k < s.size(); j += 2 * n - 2, k += 2 * n - 2) {
                    if (j < s.size()) res += s[j];
                    if (k < s.size()) res += s[k];
                }
            }
        }

        return res;
    }
};

class Solution {
    public String convert(String s, int numRows) {

        if (numRows == 1) return s;

        List<StringBuilder> rows = new ArrayList<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < Math.min(numRows, s.length()); i++)
            rows.add(new StringBuilder());

        int curRow = 0;
        boolean goingDown = false;

        for (char c : s.toCharArray()) {
            rows.get(curRow).append(c);
            if (curRow == 0 || curRow == numRows - 1) goingDown = !goingDown;
            curRow += goingDown ? 1 : -1;
        }

        StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder();
        for (StringBuilder row : rows) ret.append(row);
        return ret.toString();
    }
}

func convert(s string, numRows int) string {
	if numRows == 1 || len(s) <= numRows{
		return s
	}
	groupLen := numRows*2 - 2
	var ansString []byte

	for i := 0; i < numRows; i++{
		//计算第 i 行字符串
		left := i
		right := groupLen - left
		for  {
			if left >= len(s) {
				break
			}
			ansString = append(ansString, s[left])
			left += groupLen
			if i != 0 && i != numRows-1 {
				if right >= len(s) {
					break
				}
				ansString = append(ansString, s[right])
				right += groupLen
			}
		}
	}
	return string(ansString)
}

class Solution:
    def convert(self, s: str, numRows: int) -> str:
        if numRows < 2: return s
        res = ["" for _ in range(numRows)]
        i, flag = 0, -1
        for c in s:
            res[i] += c
            if i == 0 or i == numRows - 1: flag = -flag
            i += flag
        return "".join(res)

第七题：

class Solution {
public:
    int reverse(int x) {
        int r = 0;
        while (x) {
            if (r > 0 && r > (INT_MAX - x % 10) / 10) return 0;
            if (r < 0 && r < (INT_MIN - x % 10) / 10) return 0;
            r = r * 10 + x % 10;
            x /= 10;
        }
        return r;
    }
};

class Solution {
    public int reverse(int x) {
        int rev = 0;
        while (x != 0) {
            int pop = x % 10;
            x /= 10;
            if (rev > Integer.MAX_VALUE/10 || (rev == Integer.MAX_VALUE / 10 && pop > 7)) return 0;
            if (rev < Integer.MIN_VALUE/10 || (rev == Integer.MIN_VALUE / 10 && pop < -8)) return 0;
            rev = rev * 10 + pop;
        }
        return rev;
    }
}

func reverse(x int) int {
	var res int
	for x != 0 {
		if temp := int32(res); (temp*10)/10 != temp {
			return 0
		}
		res = res*10 + x%10
		x = x / 10
	}
	return res;
}

def reverse_better(
        self, 
        x: int) -> int:
       
        
        y, res = abs(x), 0
        # 则其数值范围为 [−2^31,  2^31 − 1]
        boundry = (1<<31) -1 if x>0 else 1<<31
        while y != 0:
            res = res*10 +y%10
            if res > boundry :
                return 0
            y //=10
        return res if x >0 else -res